Table 5 HRs for all cancers associated with a two-point increment of the Mediterranean diet score for each category of tobacco smoking status

From: Mediterranean dietary pattern and cancer risk in the EPIC cohort

 

Cases

HR a (95% CI)

All cancers

30 731

0.96 (0.95–0.98)

 Never smokers

13 787

0.98 (0.96–1.00)

 Former smokers

8860

0.96 (0.93–0.98)

 Current smokers

7439

0.94 (0.91–0.97)

 

P for heterogeneity=0.07

Cancers known to be related to smoking b , c

8000

0.92 (0.89–0.94)

 Never smokers

2392

0.95 (0.90–0.99)

 Former smokers

2490

0.93 (0.89–0.98)

 Current smokers

3009

0.88 (0.84–0.92)

 

P for heterogeneity=0.04

Cancers not known to be associated with smoking c , d

11 218

0.98 (0.96–1.01)

 Never smokers

5645

0.97 (0.94–1.01)

 Former smokers

3205

0.99 (0.94–1.03)

 Current smokers

2104

0.99 (0.94–1.04)

 

P for heterogeneity=0.73

  1. Abbreviations: CI=confidence interval; HR=hazard ratio.
  2. aStratified by centre and sex, and adjusted for duration of smoking, smoking status, education, height, body mass index, total energy intake, physical activity, age at menarche, parity, menopausal status, oral contraceptive and hormone therapy use.
  3. bSmoking-associated cancers include cancers of the lung, kidney, upper aero-digestive tract, stomach, pancreas, bladder, liver and colorectal.
  4. cP for heterogeneity of smoking unrelated cancers vs smoking related cancers=0.0008
  5. dSmoking-unrelated cancers include cancers of the breast, prostate, and endometrium.
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