Table 3 Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of health behaviour clusters in survivors and controls

From: Clustering of health behaviours in adult survivors of childhood cancer and the general population

	Cluster D1 ‘risk-avoiding’		Cluster D2 ‘moderate drinking’		Cluster D3 ‘risk-taking’		Cluster D4 ‘smoking’
	Survivors ( n =352)	Controls ( n =737)	Survivors ( n =327)	Controls ( n =470)	Survivors ( n =114)	Controls ( n =202)	Survivors ( n =42)	Controls ( n =261)	P -value ^a survivors	P -value ^a controls
Socio-demographic characteristics
Age (years)
20–25	46.6	40.7	41.6	44.3	49.1	53.0	40.5	50.2	0.414	0.006
26–30	32.1	34.7	36.1	34.7	36.0	31.7	31.0	33.3
31–35	21.3	24.6	22.3	21.1	14.9	15.4	28.6	16.5
Gender
Male	36.1	38.5	62.1	66.4	74.6	75.7	61.9	51.0	<0.001	<0.001
Female	63.9	61.5	37.9	33.6	25.4	24.3	38.1	49.0
Language
German	77.8	76.4	76.2	79.6	69.3	71.8	73.8	70.5	0.316	0.023
French/Italian	22.2	23.6	23.9	20.4	30.7	28.2	26.2	29.5
Marital status
Single, divorced or widowed	86.1	68.9	87.7	81.9	87.7	93.6	87.7	77.4	0.796	<0.001
Married	13.1	30.9	11.4	18.1	10.5	6.4	11.9	22.6
Education
Compulsory schooling	11.4	5.4	4.0	1.5	8.8	3.5	16.7	8.4	0.002	<0.001
Vocational training	44.0	55.4	45.0	50.0	47.4	60.9	54.8	68.6
Higher secondary^b	34.4	26.5	39.8	31.9	37.7	27.2	23.8	18.8
University	6.5	12.8	10.1	16.6	5.3	8.4	2.4	4.2
Income
Unemployed	19.9	2.3	9.2	2.1	7.0	1.5	4.8	5.0	<0.001	0.001
0–3000 CHF	33.0	36.5	23.9	31.7	27.2	33.2	33.3	33.7
3001–6000 CHF	40.9	46.8	54.1	47.5	51.8	55.9	52.4	52.9
>6000 CHF	2.3	14.4	8.6	18.7	7.0	9.4	2.4	8.4
Number of children
None	75.0	72.7	82.6	86.0	83.3	91.1	83.3	77.0	0.265	<0.001
One	8.8	12.9	5.2	7.9	8.8	5.0	7.1	10.3
Two or more	5.4	14.4	4.6	6.2	3.5	4.0	4.8	12.6
Migration background^c
No	75.9	79.4	81.4	82.1	80.7	81.2	54.8	61.7	0.001	<0.001
Yes	24.2	20.6	18.7	17.9	19.3	18.8	45.2	38.3
Body mass index (kgm²)
<25	72.6	74.6	77.5	77.0	69.6	77.7	85.1	75.5	0.142	0.143
⩾25	27.4	24.3	22.5	22.8	30.4	19.8	14.9	23.8
Parent's education^d
Compulsory schooling	8.6		8.0		4.4		25.0		0.009
Vocational training	47.3		43.3		47.8		29.2
Higher secondary^b	29.1		32.5		30.4		31.3
University	9.4		12.9		13.9		4.2
Clinical characteristics
Age at diagnosis (years)
≤ 4	29.6		26.3		25.4		21.4		0.209
5–8	21.9		28.1		21.9		26.2
9–12	21.3		22.3		26.3		11.9
>12	27.3		23.2		26.3		40.5
Diagnosis
Leukaemia	33.2		40.7		40.0		35.7		0.024
Lymphoma	17.9		17.7		24.6		16.7
CNS tumour	16.8		8.3		7.0		16.7
Other solid tumour^e	32.1		33.3		29.0		31.0
Therapy
Surgery only	8.2		9.8		11.4		16.7		0.007
Chemotherapy, but no radiotherapy	42.6		51.4		57.0		26.2
Any radiotherapy	36.7		26.9		22.8		33.3
BMT	11.9		10.7		7.9		21.4
Relapse
No	80.1		89.3		89.5		81.0		0.003
Yes	19.9		10.7		10.5		19.1

Abbreviations: CHF=Swiss Francs; CNS=central nervous system; BMT=bone marrow transplantation.
^aχ²-test for differences in prevalence of characteristics between clusters.
^bHigher secondary education includes high school, teachers training colleges, technical colleges and higher vocational education.
^cDoes not have a Swiss passport or has received the Swiss passport after date of birth or parents originate from another country.
^dThe highest level of education of either father or mother.
Includes neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, Wilms tumour, liver tumour, germ cell tumour, epithelial neoplasms, malignant melanomas, unspecified malignant tumours and Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Data are prevalence in %

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Table 3 Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of health behaviour clusters in survivors and controls

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