Table 2 HRs for childhood cancer according to exposure (bereavement) status

From: Antenatal maternal bereavement and childhood cancer in the offspring: a population-based cohort study in 6 million children

Bereavement

Cancer cases (rate, 1/1000)

Crude HR

Adjusted HR (95% CI) a

Adjusted HR (95% CI) b

All exposed

249 (1.8)

1.12

1.04 (0.91–1.18)

1.04 (0.91–1.18)

 Type of the deceased relative

Child/spouse

48 (2.2)

1.29

1.30 (0.96–1.75)

1.30 (0.96–1.77)

Other relatives

201 (1.7)

1.09

0.99 (0.86–1.15)

0.99 (0.85–1.14)

 Cause of death

Unexpected death

30 (1.9)

1.16

1.14 (0.79–1.64)

1.16 (0.81–1.67)

Other death

219 (1.8)

1.12

1.03 (0.89–1.18)

1.02 (0.89–1.18)

 Timing of death

12–7 Months before conception

78 (2.0)

1.20

1.10 (0.87–1.39)

1.11 (0.87–1.40)

6–0 Months before conception

81 (1.8)

1.15

1.05 (0.83–1.32)

1.06 (0.84–1.33)

Pregnancy

90 (1.6)

1.04

0.98 (0.80–1.22)

0.96 (0.77–1.19)

Unexposed

9546 (1.6)

1.0 (ref)

1.0 (ref)

1.0 (ref)

  1. Abbreviations: CI=confidence interval; HR=hazard ratio.
  2. aAdjusted for country, sex, maternal factors at child birth (age, education, smoking during pregnancy).
  3. bAdjusted for country, sex, maternal factors at child birth (age, parity, education, and smoking during pregnancy), birth characteristics (low birth weight, Apgar score at 5 min, gestational age), restricted to period when birth characteristics were available (1978–2007 in Denmark, 1973–2006 in Sweden).
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