Table 4 Association between childhood AL and distance from HVOLs over the period 2002–2007, stratified by age and urban status of the Commune of residence

From: Childhood leukaemia close to high-voltage power lines – the Geocap study, 2002–2007

	Address-based distance from HVOL
	225–400 kV HVOL						63–150 kV HVOL
	Ca		Co		OR ^a	95% CI	Ca		Co		OR ^a	95% CI
	n	%	n	%			n	%	n	%
Age
0–4 years
Baseline^b	311	23.8	2326	23.9	1.0	Reference	311	23.8	2326	23.9	1.0	Reference
Unknown	35		85				35		85
⩾600 m	870	66.6	6734	69.3	0.9	(0.8–1.1)	814	62.3	6146	63.2	0.9	(0.8–1.1)
200–599 m	74	5.7	444	4.6	1.2	(0.9–1.6)	115	8.8	902	9.3	0.9	(0.7–1.1)
100–199 m	5	0.4	87	0.9	0.4	(0.2–1.0)	13	1.0	145	1.5	0.6	(0.4–1.2)
50–99 m	6	0.5	27	0.3	1.6	(0.7–4.1)	11	0.8	61	0.6	1.3	(0.7–2.5)
0–49 m	6	0.5	14	0.1	2.6	(1.0–6.9)	8	0.6	52	0.5	1.1	(0.5–2.3)
Total	1307		9717				1307		9717
5–14 years
Baseline ^b	299	20.3	4735	23.3	1.0	Reference	299	20.8	4735	23.3	1.0	Reference
Unknown	32		118				32		118
⩾600 m	1054	71.6	14 162	69.8	1.2	(1.0–1.4)	978	66.4	13 022	64.2	1.2	(1.0–1.4)
200–599 m	71	4.8	972	4.8	1.2	(0.9–1.5)	127	8.6	1838	9.1	1.1	(0.9–1.4)
100–199 m	11	0.7	180	0.9	1.0	(0.5–1.8)	20	1.4	316	1.6	1.0	(0.6–1.6)
50–99 m	2	0.1	70	0.3	0.5	(0.1–2.0)	10	0.7	142	0.7	1.1	(0.6–2.1)
0–49 m	3	0.2	46	0.2	1.0	(0.3–3.3)	6	0.4	112	0.6	0.9	(0.4–2.1)
Total	1472		20 283				1472		20 283
Size of urban unit ^c
<5000 inhabitants
Baseline^b	309	34.1	3415	35.5	1.0	Reference	309	34.1	3415	35.5	1.0	Reference
Unknown	36		67				36		67
⩾600 m	525	57.9	5630	58.6	1.0	(0.9–1.2)	482	53.1	5221	54.3	1.0	(0.9–1.2)
200–599 m	30	3.3	393	4.1	0.9	(0.6–1.3)	68	7.5	724	7.5	1.0	(0.8–1.4)
100–199 m	2	0.2	71	0.7	0.3	(0.1–1.4)	7	0.8	109	1.1	0.7	(0.3–1.6)
50–99 m	1	0.1	20	0.2	0.6	(0.1–4.6)	4	0.4	45	0.5	1.1	(0.4–3.0)
0–49 m	4	0.4	19	0.2	2.5	(0.8–7.7)	1	0.1	34	0.4	0.4	(0.1–2.9)
Total	907		9615				907		9615
5000–100 000 inhabitants
Baseline^b	71	11.1	756	10.9	1.0	Reference	71	11.1	756	10.9	1.0	Reference
Unknown	18		63				18		63
⩾600 m	513	80.3	5811	84.1	0.8	(0.6–1.1)	451	72.7	4942	71.6	0.9	(0.7–1.2)
200–599 m	27	4.2	219	3.2	1.2	(0.7–2.0)	72	11.5	876	12.7	0.8	(0.5–1.1)
100–199 m	5	0.8	33	0.5	1.5	(0.5–3.9)	15	2.4	144	2.1	1.0	(0.5–1.8)
50–99 m	1	0.2	19	0.3	0.6	(0.1–4.8)	5	0.8	73	1.1	0.7	(0.3–1.7)
0–49 m	4	0.6	6	0.1	4.9	(1.3–19.2)	7	1.1	53	0.8	1.2	(0.5–2.7)
Total	639		6907				639		6907
⩾100 000 inhabitants
Baseline^b	230	18.7	2890	21.4	1.0	Reference	230	18.7	2890	21.4	1.0	Reference
Unknown	13		73				13		73
⩾600 m	886	71.9	9455	70.2	1.1	(0.9–1.4)	859	69.7	9005	66.8	1.2	(0.9–1.4)
200–599 m	88	7.1	804	6.0	1.3	(1.0–1.8)	102	8.3	1140	8.5	1.1	(0.8–1.4)
100–199 m	9	0.7	163	1.2	0.7	(0.4–1.4)	11	0.9	208	1.5	0.7	(0.4–1.3)
50–99 m	6	0.5	58	0.4	1.4	(0.6–3.3)	12	1.0	85	0.6	1.7	(0.9–3.3)
0–49 m	1	0.1	35	0.3	0.4	(0.1–2.9)	6	0.5	77	0.6	1.0	(0.4–2.4)
Total	1233		13 478				1233		13 478

Abbreviations: AL=acute leukaemia; Ca=number of cases; CI=confidence interval; Co=number of controls; HVOL=high-voltage overhead power line; OR=odds ratio.
^aORs and 95% CIs estimated by logistic regression adjusted for age at the end of the year (5-year age groups for the 0–14-year-old children, 1-year age groups for the 0–4-year-old children) and Département of residence.
^bBaseline=residence in a Commune entirely located ⩾600 m from any HVOL.
^cAn urban unit is defined by the INSEE (National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies) as a group of Communes in which the distance between dwellings is nowhere more than 200 m.

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Table 4 Association between childhood AL and distance from HVOLs over the period 2002–2007, stratified by age and urban status of the Commune of residence

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