Table 3 Model selection through univariate and multivariate Cox models in the development cohort

From: Development and validation of a prognostic model in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with sunitinib: a European collaboration

  

Univariate a

Multivariate a

Multivariate a

Variables

N

HR (95% CI)

P -value

HR (95% CI)

P -value

HR (95% CI)

P -value

Sex

170

      

Male

 

1

0.013

1

0.490

  

Female

 

1.70 (1.12-2.58)

 

1.20 (0.71-2.03)

   

Performance status

170

      

0

 

1

<0.001

1

0.016

1

<0.001

⩾1

 

2.55 (1.73-3.77)

 

1.83 (1.12-3.01)

 

2.06 (1.38-3.08)

 

Time diagnosis to sunitinib therapy

170

      

>12 months

 

1

<0.001

1

0.066

1

0.013

⩽12 months

 

2.19 (1.45-3.29)

 

1.56 (0.97-2.51)

 

1.71 (1.12-2.59)

 

No. of metastatic sites

170

      

0-2

 

1

<0.001

1

0.011

1

<0.001

>2

 

3.46 (2.32-5.16)

 

2.53 (1.24-5.17)

 

2.75 (1.82-4.15)

 

Tumour grade

136

      

I+II

 

1

0.171

1

0.219

  

III+IV

 

1.38 (0.87-2.18)

 

1.44 (0.80-2.57)

   

Nephrectomy

170

      

Yes

 

1

<0.001

1

0.960

  

No

 

2.19 (1.42-3.37)

 

1.02 (0.56-1.86)

   

LDH

124

      

Normal

 

1

0.036

1

0.963

  

Abnormal

 

1.58 (1.03-2.43)

 

1.01 (0.57-1.80)

   

ALP

125

      

Normal

 

1

0.001

1

0.594

  

Abnormal

 

2.12 (1.35-3.33)

 

1.18 (0.64-2.20)

   

Ca

120

      

Normal

 

1

0.137

1

0.815

  

Abnormal

 

1.60 (0.86-2.99)

 

0.91 (0.42-1.99)

   

Neutrophils

130

      

⩽5000

 

1

0.381

    

>5000

 

1.22 (0.79-1.88)

     

WBC

146

      

⩽10 000

 

1

0.487

    

>10 000

 

1.22 (0.70-2.11)

     

Platelets

145

      

⩽400

 

1

0.015

1

0.851

  

>400

 

1.81 (1.12-2.92)

 

1.06 (0.59-1.88)

   

Histology

169

      

Other

 

1

0.772

    

Clear cell

 

1.10 (0.59-2.05)

     

Age

147

      

>60

 

1

0.386

    

⩽60

 

1.21 (0.79-1.84)

     

Previous IFNa

170

      

Yes

 

1

0.765

    

No

 

1.10 (0.60-2.01)

     

Hb

146

      

>13 for males

 

1

0.002

1

0.134

  

>11.5 for females

 

1.92 (1.27-2.91)

 

1.53 (0.88-2.68)

   

⩽13 for males

       

⩽11.5 for females

       

Brain metastasis

167

      

No

 

1

0.003

1

0.057

  

Yes

 

2.78 (1.41-5.50)

 

2.16 (0.98-4.76)

   

Liver metastasis

168

      

No

 

1

0.111

1

0.580

  

Yes

 

1.59 (0.90-2.80)

 

1.20 (0.63-2.31)

   

Bone metastasis

169

      

No

 

1

0.009

1

0.666

  

Yes

 

1.73 (1.15-2.61)

 

0.88 (0.50-1.57)

   

Lung

169

      

No

 

1

0.019

1

0.831

  

Yes

 

1.67 (1.09-2.55)

 

1.06 (0.63-1.78)

   
  1. Abbreviations: ALP = alkaline phophatase; CI = confidence interval; HR = hazard ratio; IFN = interferon; LDH = lactate dehydrogenase; NR = not reached; OS = overall survival; WBC = white blood cells.
  2. aMultiple imputation was applied for missing values in variables platelets, neutrophils, age, haemoglobin, CA, LDH, ALP, tumour grade, WBC, histology, liver metastasis, lung metastasis, bone metastasis, brain metastasis, which were selected for the multivariate model using backward selection.
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