Table 3 Fat intake in relation to risk of invasive and borderline EOC in the New England-based case–control studya

From: Dietary fat intake and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer by tumour histology

 

Controls ( n =1978)

Invasive ( n =1484)

Borderline ( n =388)

 

Type of fat intake

N

N (cases)

OR

(95% CI)

N (cases)

OR

(95% CI)

P -het b

Total fat (g day–1)

Q1

494

384

1.00 (Ref)

 

95

1.00 (Ref)

 

0.14

Q2

495

332

0.87

(0.71–1.06)

103

1.11

(0.81–1.51)

 

Q3

495

375

0.98

(0.80–1.20)

105

1.17

(0.86–1.60)

 

Q4

494

393

1.06

(0.86–1.29)

85

0.96

(0.70– 1.33)

 

P-trendc

  

0.39

  

0.89

  

Vegetable fat (g day–1)

Q1

493

376

1.00 (Ref)

 

104

1.00 (Ref)

 

0.03

Q2

496

338

0.85

(0.70–1.04)

97

0.89

(0.66–1.21)

 

Q3

495

358

0.94

(0.77–1.15)

110

1.07

(0.79–1.45)

 

Q4

494

412

1.01

(0.82–1.23)

77

0.71

(0.52–0.99)

 

P-trendc

  

0.66

  

0.09

  

Animal fat (g day–1)

Q1

495

405

1.00 (Ref)

 

97

1.00 (Ref)

 

0.09

Q2

494

328

0.89

(0.72–1.08)

70

0.78

(0.56–1.10)

 

Q3

495

385

1.01

(0.83–1.24)

120

1.34

(0.99–1.80)

 

Q4

494

366

1.01

(0.83–1.24)

101

1.17

(0.86–1.60)

 

P-trendc

  

0.64

  

0.07

  

Dairy fat (g day–1)

Q1

496

419

1.00 (Ref)

 

97

1.00 (Ref)

 

0.05

Q2

494

410

1.06

(0.88–1.29)

92

0.98

(0.72–1.34)

 

Q3

495

311

0.77

(0.63–0.95)

83

0.88

(0.64–1.22)

 

Q4

493

344

0.92

(0.75–1.12)

116

1.27

(0.94–1.72)

 

P-trendc

  

0.13

  

0.11

  

Trans fat (g day–1)

Q1

491

347

1.00 (Ref)

 

86

1.00 (Ref)

 

0.58

Q2

501

334

0.98

(0.80–1.20)

100

1.21

(0.88–1.66)

 

Q3

491

385

1.17

(0.96–1.44)

98

1.23

(0.89–1.69)

 

Q4

495

418

1.28

(1.05–1.57)

104

1.32

(0.96–1.81)

 

P-trendc

  

0.005

  

0.11

  

Saturated fat (g day–1)

Q1

495

403

1.00 (Ref)

 

94

1.00 (Ref)

 

0.55

Q2

494

342

0.88

(0.72–1.08)

91

1.03

(0.75–1.42)

 

Q3

492

351

0.86

(0.70–1.05)

94

1.05

(0.76–1.44)

 

Q4

497

388

1.06

(0.87–1.29)

109

1.30

(0.95–1.76)

 

P-trendc

  

0.63

  

0.10

  

Cholesterol (mg day–1)

Q1

494

386

1.00 (Ref)

 

110

1.00 (Ref)

 

0.23

Q2

495

357

0.93

(0.76–1.14)

101

0.94

(0.70–1.28)

 

Q3

495

366

1.01

(0.82–1.23)

99

0.95

(0.70–1.29)

 

Q4

494

375

1.00

(0.82–1.23)

78

0.75

(0.54–1.03)

 

P-trendc

  

0.82

  

0.09

  

Monounsaturated fat (g day–1)

Q1

497

377

1.00 (Ref)

 

95

1.00 (Ref)

 

0.16

Q2

493

350

0.94

(0.77–1.15)

104

1.11

(0.82–1.52)

 

Q3

494

394

1.00

(0.82–1.22)

112

1.23

(0.91–1.67)

 

Q4

494

363

0.98

(0.80–1.19)

77

0.86

(0.61–1.19)

 

P-trendc

  

0.93

  

0.48

  

Polyunsaturated fat (g day–1)

Q1

495

384

1.00 (Ref)

 

111

1.00 (Ref)

 

0.03

Q2

490

371

0.95

(0.78–1.16)

116

1.03

(0.77–1.38)

 

Q3

499

380

0.96

(0.78–1.17)

98

0.89

(0.66–1.21)

 

Q4

494

349

0.85

(0.69–1.04)

63

0.56

(0.40–0.79)

 

P-trendc

  

0.13

  

<0.001

  

Long chain omega-3 ( n −3) d

Q1

494

405

1.00 (Ref)

 

119

1.00 (Ref)

 

0.31

Q2

495

371

0.93

(0.76–1.14)

96

0.83

(0.61–1.12)

 

Q3

495

357

0.86

(0.71–1.06)

97

0.78

(0.58–1.06)

 

Q4

494

351

0.85

(0.69–1.04)

76

0.62

(0.45–0.86)

 

P-trendc

  

0.10

  

0.004

  

Omega-6 ( n −6) d

Q1

494

376

1.00 (Ref)

 

126

1.00 (Ref)

 

1.00

Q2

499

372

0.97

(0.80–1.19)

99

0.78

(0.58–1.05)

 

Q3

491

404

1.05

(0.86–1.28)

108

0.87

(0.65–1.17)

 

Q4

494

332

0.85

(0.69–1.04)

55

0.44

(0.31–0.62)

 

P-trendc

  

0.17

  

<0.001

  
  1. Abbreviations: CI=confidence interval; EOC=epithelial ovarian cancer; MA=Massachusetts; N (cases)=number of cases; n−3=omega-3; n−6=omega-6; NH=New Hampshire; OC=oral contraceptive; OR=odds ratio; Q1, Q4=quartiles 1, 4.
  2. aMultivariate polytomous logistic regression models were adjusted for age (continuous), study centre (MA, NH), study phase (1992–1997, 1998–2003, 2003–2008), number of pregnancies (0, 1, 2, 3, >3), OC use (none, 3 months, <1 year, 1, 5 years, >5 years), family history of ovarian cancer and history of tubal ligation (yes/no).
  3. bThe P-het is from the likelihood-ratio test that compares a model with the same estimate for the association with the exposure of interest (e.g., categories of total fat intake) across histologic subtypes to a model that allows the association with the exposure of interest to vary across the histologic subtypes.
  4. cP-trend is the test for trend within each histologic subtype using a trend variable based on the median intake value from each quartile based on the distribution in controls.
  5. dIntakes are from food only.
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