Table 3 Hazard ratios for 5-year local recurrence-free survival after radiotherapy plus carbogen and nicotinamide compared with radiotherapy alone

From: Expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α predicts benefit from hypoxia modification in invasive bladder cancer

Variable

HR

95% CI

P -value

HIF-1 α 19

0.48

0.26–0.80

0.02

HIF-1α <19

0.81

0.43−1.50

0.5

CAIX >0

0.47

0.28–0.81

0.006

CAIX=0

0.81

0.43−1.50

0.5

GLUT1 100

0.56

0.31−1.03

0.06

GLUT <100

0.62

0.32−1.20

0.15

HIF-1 α 19+CAIX >0

0.38

0.18–0.79

0.01

HIF-1α <19 or CAIX=0

0.74

0.43−1.28

0.29

CAIX >0+GLUT1 0

0.47

0.23–0.95

0.03

CAIX=0 or GLUT1 <100

0.64

0.35−1.15

0.13

HIF-1α 19+GLUT1 100

0.49

0.23−1.05

0.06

HIF-1α <19 or CAIX=0

0.69

0.40−1.21

0.2

Necrosis present

0.46

0.29–0.73

0.001

Necrosis absent

1.37

0.81−2.30

0.24

Necrosis present+HIF-1 α 19

0.36

0.16–0.79

0.01

Necrosis absent or HIF-1α <19

0.82

0.49−1.38

0.45

Necrosis present+CAIX >0

0.47

0.25–0.89

0.02

Necrosis absent or CAIX=0

0.77

0.43−1.38

0.38

Necrosis present+GLUT1 100

0.37

0.17–0.80

0.01

Necrosis absent+GLUT1 <100

0.89

0.50−1.58

0.69

  1. Abbreviation: CAIX=carbonic anhydrase IX; CI=confidence interval; GLUT1=glucose transporter 1; HIF-1α=hypoxia-inducible factor-1α; HR=hazard ratio.
  2. Hazard ratios for necrosis were assessed in the 137 patients with available HIF-1α data. Statistically significant differences are highlighted in bold.