Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients
Variable | Progression of carcinoid heart disease ( n =13) | No progression of carcinoid heart disease ( n =95) | Died prior to 2nd echo ( n =29) | P -value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | ||||
Age (years)a | 68±13 | 67±10 | 70±11 | 0.112 |
Male sex (no %) | 5 (39%) | 55 (58%) | 16 (55%) | 0.417 |
Follow-up (months)b | 29 (13–41) | 27 (12–37) | — | 0.887 |
Clinical characteristics | ||||
Tumour grade (no %) | ||||
Grade 1 | 1 (8%) | 55 (58%) | 9 (31%) | 0.007 |
Grade 2 | 3 (23%) | 7 (7%) | 2 (7%) | |
Grade 3 | 0 | 0 | 4 (14%) | |
Unknown | 9 (69%) | 33 (35%) | 14 (48%) | |
Duration of disease (months)b | 52 (27–138) | 64 (40–88) | 15 (9–59) | 0.005 |
Site of primary tumour | ||||
Small bowel | 8 (62%) | 71 (75%) | 19 (66%) | 0.126 |
Large bowel | 1 (8%) | 7 (7%) | 1 (3%) | |
Lung | 0 | 1 (1%) | 2 (7%) | |
Other | 1 (8%) | 1 (1%) | 3 (10%) | |
Unknown | 3 (24%) | 15 (16%) | 4 (14%) | |
Liver metastases | 11 (85%) | 80 (84%) | 27 (93%) | 0.473 |
Carcinoid syndrome | 12 (92%) | 63 (66%) | 21 (72%) | 0.151 |
Baseline carcinoid heart disease | 9 (70%) | 5 (5%) | 12 (41%) | <0.001 |
Baseline echocardiographic score | 9 (7.5–14) | 3 (1–5) | 5 (2.5–14.5) | <0.001 |
Baseline NT-proBNP (ng l−1) | 267 (108–578) | 84 (29–224) | 401 (116–978) | 0.001 |
Baseline 5-HIAA (nmol l−1) | 2247 (807–2939) | 316 (138–661) | 1221 (167–437) | 0.009 |
Therapeutic intervention | ||||
SSA therapy | 12 (92%) | 78 (82%) | 17 (59%) | 0.012 |
Primary tumour resection | 6 (46%) | 63 (66%) | 7 (24%) | <0.001 |
Resection of hepatic metastases | 1 (8%) | 9 (10%) | 2 (7%) | 0.903 |
Interferon | 0 | 8 (8%) | 2 (7%) | 0.547 |
Chemotherapy | 0 | 10 (10%) | 6 (21%) | 0.111 |
Targeted radionuclide therapy | 4 (31%) | 27 (28%) | 4 (14%) | 0.259 |
Chemo-embolisation | 1 (8%) | 11 (12%) | 0 | 0.154 |
Radio-frequency ablation | 0 | 6 (6%) | 0 | 0.25 |
