Figure 1

Association between macrophage infiltration and poor prognosis in MLS. (A) Immunohistochemical staining of human MLS sections using anti-CD68 and anti-CD163 antibodies. Upper panel shows cases with higher levels of macrophage infiltration (left, ⩾100 CD68 cells/10 HPF; right, ⩾80 CD163 cells/10 HPF), and lower panel demonstrates cases with lower levels of macrophage infiltration (left, <100 CD68 cells/10 HPF; right, <80 CD163 cells/10 HPF). Scale bars: 20 μm. (B) Kaplan–Meier survival curves for overall survival of all patients based on CD68-positive (upper) and CD163-positive (lower) macrophage infiltration. Log-rank test was performed to determine statistical significance, with P<0.05 defined as significant. (C) Co-expression of CD68 and CD163 in MLS clinical samples. Sections were immunostained for CD68 (green) and CD163 (red). Nuclei were visualized using DAPI (blue). Scale bar: 10 μm. (D) Migration of macrophages was examined using the Transwell system. The lower wells were filled with serum-free medium or medium conditioned by MLS1765 or MLS402-91, and RAW264.7 cell migration to the bottom surface of the Transwell was assessed. Results are presented as mean±s.d. ***P<0.001 vs control.