Table 2 Univariate analyses to assess individual potential prognostic factors with respect to overall survival following chemotherapy

From: Serum total hCGβ level is an independent prognostic factor in transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelial tract

  

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy

First-line chemotherapy

Factor

Division

Median OS, years (95% CI)

P -value

Median OS, years (95% CI)

P -value

Age

⩽70

NR

0.08

1.13 (0.66–1.61)

0.21

 

>70

3.36 (0.91–5.81)

 

0.98 (0.68–1.30)

 

Sex

Male

5.26 (4.37–6.15)

0.49

1.16 (0.79–1.53)

0.84

 

Female

4.05 (0.88–7.23)

 

1.02 (0.71–1.33)

 

ECOG PS

0 or 1

5.26 (4.52–6.01)

0.000008

1.49 (1.08–1.90)

0.0000005

 

⩾2

0.42 (0.33–0.50)

 

0.63 (0.47–0.79)

 

Hb

⩾LLN

NR

0.00005

1.39 (0.97–1.82)

0.15

 

<LLN

1.22 (0.94–1.51)

 

0.96 (0.69–1.24)

 

ALP

⩽ULN

NR

0.08

1.35 (1.05–1.65)

0.003

 

>ULN

1.14 (0.87–1.41)

 

0.66 (0.52–0.80)

 

LDH

⩽ULN

4.27 (0.10–8.44)

0.34

1.23 (0.80–1.66)

0.58

 

>ULN

NR

 

1.04 (0.53–1.55)

 

Grade

2

4.05 (2.71–5.40)

0.90

1.02 (0.44–1.90)

0.87

 

3

5.26 (4.49–6.03)

 

1.14 (0.87–1.41)

 

Primary tumour site

Bladder

—

 

1.07 (0.78–1.35)

0.57

 

Other

—

 

1.07 (0.66–1.49)

 

T stage

⩽2

NR

0.006

—

 
 

3

5.27 (4.15–6.39)

 

—

 
 

4

1.09 (0.61–1.57)

 

—

 

Visceral metastases

No

—

 

1.49 (1.03–1.95)

0.004

 

Yes

—

 

0.78 (0.67–0.88)

 

Chemotherapy regimen

GC

NR

0.001

1.49 (1.05–1.93)

0.00005

 

GCarbo

0.89 (0.48–1.31)

 

0.80 (0.41–1.20)

 
 

Other

—

 

0.57 (0.40–0.74)

 

Bajorin risk factors (Bajorin et al, 1999)

0

—

 

1.74 (1.41–2.08)

0.0000001

 

1

—

 

0.98 (0.78–1.17)

 
 

2

—

 

0.47 (0.31–0.65)

 

Prior perioperative chemotherapy

No

—

 

1.15 (0.90–1.41)

0.001

 

Yes

—

 

0.60 (0.50–0.70)

 

hCGβ level before chemotherapy

<2 IU l−1

NR

0.001

1.53 (1.17–1.89)

0.04

 

⩾2 IU l−1

1.86 (0.51–3.21)

 

0.86 (0.67–1.05)

 

hCGβ level on completion of chemotherapy

<2 IU l−1

4.27 (1.65–6.89)

0.000002

1.68 (1.25–2.11)

0.00005

 

⩾2 IU l−1

0.42 (0.14–0.70)

 

0.84 (0.68–1.00)

 
  1. Abbreviations: ALP=alkaline phosphatase; CI=confidence interval; ECOG PS=Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status; GC=gemcitabine/cisplatin; GCarbo=gemcitabine/carboplatin; Hb=haemoglobin; LDH=lactate dehydrogenase; LLN=lower limit of normal for the treating institution’s reference range; NR=not reached; ULN=upper limit of normal for the treating institution’s reference range.
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