Table 4 Multivariate analyses of potential prognostic factors for overall survival in patients undergoing first-line chemotherapy incorporating hCGβ level either before, or on completion of, chemotherapy

From: Serum total hCGβ level is an independent prognostic factor in transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelial tract

Factor

HR

95% CI

P -value

HR

95% CI

P -value

ECOG PS

2 vs 0 or 1

2.39

1.38–4.13

0.002

2.09

1.01–4.33

0.047

ALP

<LLN vs LLN

0.98

0.59–1.60

0.92

1.44

0.78–2.68

0.24

Visceral metastases

Yes vs no

2.01

1.29–3.13

0.002

2.65

1.49–4.70

0.001

Chemotherapy regimen

GCarbo vs GC

0.83

0.83–0.66

0.11

1.86

0.52–6.66

0.34

Prior perioperative chemotherapy

Yes vs no

2.16

0.81–5.79

0.82

1.07

0.60–6.66

0.34

hCG β level before chemotherapy

2 vs <2 IU l−1

1.28

0.84–1.96

0.25

hCG β level on completion of chemotherapy

2 vs <2 IU l−1

3.47

1.97–6.10

0.00002

  1. Abbreviations: ALP=alkaline phosphatase; CI=confidence interval; ECOG PS=Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status; GC=gemcitabine/cisplatin; GCarbo=gemcitabine/carboplatin; HR=hazard ratio; LLN=lower limit of normal for the treating institution’s reference range.