Table 4 Cost analysis of breast cancer screening modalities (calculated by RMB)

From: A multi-centre randomised trial comparing ultrasound vs mammography for screening breast cancer in high-risk Chinese women

 

Mammography

Ultrasound

Combined

Initial screening

No. of screened participants

4170

4214

4135

No. of screening positive

4

10

14

No. of detected cancer

3

7

9

No. of women need to be screened per cancer

1390

602

459

Consultation and physical exam

4 RMB × 4170

4 RMB × 4214

4 RMB × 4135

Screening imaging

200 RMB × 4170

70 RMB × 4214

270 RMB × 4135

Biopsy and histopathology

400 RMB × 4

400 RMB × 10

400 RMB × 14

Total cost/ No. of cancer found

852 280/3

315 836/7

1 138 590/9

Cost per cancer

284 093

45 119

126 510

One-year later screening

No. of screened participants

2815

3082

2795

No. of screening positive

3

7

9

No. of detected cancer

2

4

5

No. of screenings needed per cancer

1408

771

559

Consultation and physical exam

4 RMB × 2815

4 RMB × 3082

4 RMB × 2795

Screening imaging

200 RMB × 2815

70 RMB × 3082

270 RMB × 2795

Biopsy and histopathology

400 × 3

400 × 7

400 × 9

Total cost/ No. of cancer found

575 460/2

230 868/4

769 430/5

Cost per cancer

287 730

57 717

153 886

Summary of 2 rounds screening

No. of screenings needed per cancer

1397

663

495

Cost per cancer (RMB)

285 548

49 700

136 287

Cost in US dollara

45 253

7876

21 599

Cost in International Dollara

81 585

14 200

38 939

  1. aWe used the exchange rate 6.31 : 1 to convert RMB to US dollar, and 3.5 : 1 to convert it to International Dollar (measured by Purchasing Power Parity) (World Bank, http://wdi.worldbank.org/table/4.16#).