Figure 2
NTAP demonstrates an increase in ROS formation. (A) In situ verification of ROS production in both U373MG cells and HeLa cells was measured 1 h after NTAP exposure (75 kV for 180 s) by confocal microscopy using 10 μ M H2DCFDA. (B) ROS fluorescence intensity was quantified spectrophotometrically, 1 h after NTAP exposure (75 kV for 180 s). All experiments were repeated in triplicate. Statistical analysis was carried out using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison post-test (*P<0.05). (C) ROS production in both U373MG and HeLa was also measured by flow cytometry using 0.1 μ M H2DCFDA. Fluorescence was quantified using the mean H2DCFDA and compared with the untreated control (P<0.001). (D) In situ verification of mitochondiral ROS production in both U373MG cells and HeLa cells was measured 1 h after NTAP exposure (75 kV for 180 s) by confocal microscopy using 2 μ M MitoSOX red. The level of fluorescence was quantified using the Image J software and compared with the untreated control. Statisical analysis was carried out using t-test with Mann–Whitney test post-test. A full colour version of this figure is available at the British Journal of Cancer journal online.
