Table 2 ORsa and 95% CIs for the overall association between one s.d. increase in PUFA-specific wPRSs and prostate cancer risk, and associations stratified by potential effect measure modifiers using individual-level data from the PRACTICAL consortium

From: Polyunsaturated fatty acids and prostate cancer risk: a Mendelian randomisation analysis from the PRACTICAL consortium

  

ω -6 PUFAs

ω -3 PUFAs

  

Linoleic acid (LA)

Arachidonic acid (AA)

α -Linolenic acid (ALA)

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)

Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA)

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)

Subgroup

Cases/Controls

OR

95% CI

P -value

OR

95% CI

P -value

OR

95% CI

P -value

OR

95% CI

P -value

OR

95% CI

P -value

OR

95% CI

P -value

Overall

All men

22 721/23 034

1.00

0.98, 1.02

0.65

1.01

0.99, 1.03

0.36

0.99

0.97, 1.01

0.38

1.01

0.99, 1.03

0.31

1.01

0.99, 1.03

0.16

1.00

0.98, 1.02

0.81

Smoking status

Ever smokers

4789/4914

0.99

0.95, 1.04

0.81

1.01

0.97, 1.05

0.69

0.99

0.95, 1.03

0.66

1.01

0.97, 1.06

0.65

1.01

0.97, 1.05

0.66

1.00

0.96, 1.04

0.99

Never smokers

3091/2954

1.00

0.95, 1.06

0.98

1.01

0.95, 1.07

0.76

0.99

0.94, 1.05

0.81

0.99

0.93, 1.04

0.62

1.00

0.94, 1.05

0.94

0.98

0.93, 1.04

0.56

P interaction b

 

0.87

0.99

0.92

0.50

0.74

0.65

Age

<62 years of age

8259/13 684

0.95

0.92, 0.98

2.6 × 10−4

1.05

1.02, 1.08

2.0 × 10−3

0.96

0.93, 0.98

1.7 × 10−3

1.04

1.01, 1.06

1.7 × 10−2

1.05

1.02, 1.08

2.0 × 10−3

1.01

0.98, 1.04

0.43

62 years of age

14 462/9350

1.04

1.01, 1.07

6.0 × 10−3

0.98

0.95, 1.01

0.11

1.02

0.99, 1.05

0.10

0.99

0.96, 1.02

0.43

0.99

0.96, 1.01

0.28

0.99

0.96, 1.02

0.48

P interaction b

 

5.2 × 10−6

8.5 × 10−4

6.5 × 10−4

2.3 × 10−2

2.8 × 10−3

0.29

Disease severity

Advanced cancerc

4802/23 034

0.99

0.97, 1.01

0.24

1.01

0.99, 1.04

0.58

0.99

0.97, 1.01

0.59

1.01

0.99, 1.03

0.96

1.02

0.99, 1.03

0.69

1.00

0.98, 1.02

0.43

Non-advanced cancer

17 919/23 034

1.02

0.99, 1.05

0.31

0.99

0.96, 1.02

0.19

1.01

0.98, 1.04

0.20

1.00

0.97, 1.03

0.23

1.01

0.97, 1.04

0.13

1.01

0.98, 1.05

0.99

P homogeneity d

 

0.10

0.32

0.28

0.59

0.65

0.62

Method of detection

Screen-detected

4414/23 034

0.98

0.94, 1.02

0.25

1.04

0.99, 1.08

0.06

0.97

0.93, 1.00

0.07

1.03

0.99, 1.07

0.08

1.03

0.99, 1.07

0.08

1.00

0.96, 1.04

0.93

Clinically-detected

8597/23 034

1.00

0.97, 1.03

0.86

1.00

0.97, 1.03

0.92

1.00

0.97, 1.03

0.98

0.99

0.96, 1.02

0.58

1.00

0.97, 1.03

0.97

0.99

0.96, 1.02

0.52

P homogeneity d

 

0.43

0.15

0.20

0.12

0.24

0.69

  1. Abbreviations: 95% CIs=95% confidence intervals; ORs=odds ratios; s.d.= standard deviation; wPRSs= weighted-polygenic risk scores.
  2. aORs and 95% CIs adjusted for age, eight principal components for European ancestry, and PRACTICAL study site, and represent one s.d. increase in each PUFA-specific wPRS (i.e., 1.20 for LA, 1.13 for AA, 0.01 for ALA, 0.06 for EPA, 0.06 for DPA, and 0.08 for DHA).
  3. bInteraction assessed on a multiplicative scale using the likelihood ratio test.
  4. cAdvanced prostate cancer refers to prostate cancer cases with either Gleason score 8, death from prostate cancer, metastatic disease, or prostate-specific antigen levels > 100 ng ml−1 at diagnosis.
  5. dORs and 95% CIs for advanced vs non-advanced and screen-detected vs clinically-detected prostate cancers were estimated using polytomous regression. A homogeneity test was conducted to assess statistically significant differences between stratum-specific estimates.