Table 3 Subgroups of rest-activity rhythm analysis: Means, standard deviations, and differences between groups in outcomes over time according to generalised estimating equations

From: Effect of walking on circadian rhythms and sleep quality of patients with lung cancer: a randomised controlled trial

 

Baseline

3 months

6 months

  
 

No. of patients

Mean

SD

No. of patients

Mean

SD

No. of patients

Mean

SD

Wald χ2

P of group × time

Poor r24 (⩽0.30)

PSQI

         

9.395

0.009*

 Walking exercise group

11

11.64

3.91

9

6.56

3.09

10

6.70

3.06

  

 Usual-care groupa

18

9.39

3.42

17

9.06

4.88

16

8.75

4.55

  

TST

         

14.382

0.001*

 Walking exercise group

11

348.55

82.85

7

357.62

58.60

8

413.35

70.56

  

 Usual-care groupa

18

421.09

108.74

16

364.18

112.98

15

374.23

132.19

  

Favorable r24 (⩾0.46)

PSQI

         

9.395

0.009*

 Walking exercise group

21

7.57

4.82

19

6.11

2.89

16

5.63

3.67

  

 Usual-care groupa

12

8.25

5.08

11

8.73

5.12

11

8.73

4.17

  

TST

         

14.382

0.001*

 Walking exercise group

21

405.23

91.96

18

397.54

65.88

16

404.00

89.65

  

 Usual-care groupa

12

394.36

51.89

8

389.90

40.92

8

386.65

77.99

  

Poor I⩽93.96)

PSQI

         

22.386

0.0001*

 Walking exercise group

11

12.27

4.17

9

7.00

3.57

7

8.00

3.83

  

 Usual-care groupa

23

8.35

3.79

21

8.24

4.92

19

8.37

4.81

  

TST

         

4.713

0.095

 Walking exercise group

11

327.45

113.76

8

359.02

112.56

7

368.29

77.43

  

 Usual-care groupa

23

391.15

102.75

20

349.35

89.98

19

349.93

116.93

  

Favorable I⩾97.35)

PSQI

         

1.690

0.430

 Walking exercise group

22

7.82

4.65

20

5.20

2.80

19

4.95

2.76

  

 Usual-care groupa

14

8.36

4.43

12

8.08

4.23

12

7.33

3.80

  

TST

         

1.999

0.368

 Walking exercise group

22

434.14

64.12

17

409.84

78.36

16

425.47

61.21

  

 Usual-care groupa

14

397.01

69.07

8

387.61

70.39

8

382.31

98.32

  
  1. Abbreviations: I<O=in-bed less than out-of-bed dichotomy index; PSQI=Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; r24=24-h autocorrelation coefficient; TST=total sleep time.
  2. Note. Generalised estimating equations were used for repeated measurements and the AR(1) correlation structure. All models were adjusted for age, sex, marital status, cancer stage and treatment, and significant differences in demographic data, disease characteristics, and baseline outcomes in each subgroup.
  3. *P<0.05.
  4. aUsual-care group is the reference group.
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