Table 3 Association between change in sleep duration from pre- to post diagnosis and mortality (N=1949)

From: Sleep and survival among women with breast cancer: 30 years of follow-up within the Nurses’ Health Study

 

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Change in sleep duration (deaths/N)

HR

(95% CI)

HR

(95% CI)

HR

(95% CI)

All-cause deaths (381 deaths)

      

No change (123/824)

1 (reference)

Decrease (104/477)

1.29

(0.99–1.68)

1.26

(0.96–1.64)

1.26

(0.97–1.65)

Increase (144/648)

1.41

(1.10–1.81)

1.41

(1.10–1.82)

1.35

(1.04–1.74)

Breast cancer deaths (132 deaths)

      

No change (49/824)

1 (reference)

Decrease (28/477)

0.90

(0.56–1.45)

0.87

(0.54–1.41)

0.89

(0.55–1.45)

Increase (55/648)

1.30

(0.85–1.98)

1.29

(0.84–1.98)

1.29

(0.84–2.00)

Non-breast cancer deaths (249 deaths)

      

No change (84/824)

1 (reference)

Decrease (76/477)

1.49

(1.08–2.04)

1.43

(1.03–1.97)

1.42

(1.02–1.96)

Increase (89/648)

1.44

(1.06–1.97)

1.46

(1.07–2.00)

1.32

(0.96–1.82)

  1. Abbreviations: BMI=body mass index; CI=confidence intervals; HR=hazard ratio; OC=oral contraceptive; PMH=postmenopausal hormone.
  2. Model 1: year of diagnosis, age at diagnosis, time since diagnosis, cancer stage, surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, prevalent diabetes or heart disease, missing indicators for oncologic treatments, sleep duration pre-diagnosis.
  3. Model 2: Model 1+age, marital status, education level, income, OC use, number of pregnancies, family history of breast cancer, menopausal status, PMH use.
  4. Model 3: Model 2+BMI, alcohol consumption, smoking, caffeine, calories intake, physical activity.
  5. Sample includes women who completed either the 1986 & 2000 or 2002 & 2008 sleep duration assessments and who received their breast cancer in between these two time points. Bold characters indicate statistically significant results. Italic characters indicate the reference group.
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