Figure 1

Differential engraftment and kinetics of human lymphocytes in humanized female and male mice. 5-week-old NRG mice were irradiated with 450 cGy and i.v. injected with 2 × 10⁵ (Experiment 1: 13 females and 10 males) or 1.5 × 10⁵ (Experiment 2: 12 females and 14 males) human cord blood CD34⁺ cells. Mice were killed 20 weeks after transplantation. Immune reconstitution was assessed by flow cytometry analyses at different time points. (a) Error bars representing frequencies of human CD45⁺ cells in peripheral blood for each gender in experiments 1 and 2. Results represent least square means as percentages obtained from repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with between-subjects factor gender. Error bars represent 95% confidence interval. Engraftment in female mice is represented in red, and in male mice in blue. (b) Bar plots illustrating frequencies of lymphocyte types per gender in peripheral blood at different time points of experiment 1. P-value results are from two-sided t-tests for independent group comparisons. Results represent least square means as percentages obtained from repeated measures ANOVA with between-subjects factor gender. Tukey–Cramer adjustment was used for multiple comparisons. Female mice are represented in red, and male in blue. P-values <0.05 are indicated in italic. (c) Bar plots illustrating T-cell subtypes (naïve, central memory and effector memory) per gender in peripheral blood for different time points of experiment 2 accompanied by P-value results from two-sided t-tests for independent group comparisons. Results represent least square means as percentages obtained from repeated measures ANOVA with between-subjects factor the gender. Tukey–Cramer adjustment was used for multiple comparisons. Female mice are represented in red, whereas males are represented in blue. P-values <0.05 are indicated in italic.