Figure 1
From: Inhibition of autophagy, lysosome and VCP function impairs stress granule assembly
Lysosomotropic agents severely impair SG formation. HeLa cells treated for 3 h with MG132 alone or with ammonium chloride (NH4Cl; a, b) or chloroquine (CLQ; b) were fixed and labeled with anti-TIA-1, LC3 and DAPI. (b) Percentage of cells with TIA-1-positive SGs is shown (M=MG132; N=NH4Cl; C=CLQ). Error bar, S.E.M. ***P<0.001 compared with MG132. HeLa cells were treated for 45 min with 0.5 mM (c, d) or 0.1 mM (e, f) arsenite (Ars.); where indicated, cells were pretreated for 2 h 15 min with ammonium chloride (NH4Cl). Cells were fixed and labeled with anti-TIA-1, LC3 (c) or G3BP (e) and DAPI. (d, f) Percentage of cells with TIA-1-positive SGs (large or dispersed) and no SGs is shown. Error bar, S.E.M. (e) *P<0.05; **P<0.01; (f) ***P<0.001; **P<0.01 compared with Ars. 0.1 mM. (g, h) Hela cells pretreated or not with ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) for 2 h 15 min were subjected to heat shock (HS) at 43.5 °C for 45 min, fixed and labeled with anti-TIA-1, LC3 and DAPI. (h) Quantitation of data in g. Error bar, S.E.M. **P<0.01. (a, c, e, g) 2.5 × magnification of the selected area. See also Supplementary Figures S1, S2 and S3
