Figure 2

Mitochondrial biogenesis during osteogenic differentiation. MC3T3-E1 cells were induced to differentiate for 7, 14, and 21 days. (a) ATP content, (b) mitochondrial complex activities, (c) protein levels of PGC-1α and mtTFA, and (d) mitochondrial complex subunits were tested. (e) Cells were induced to differentiate for 7 days with rotenone, and ARS and ALP staining were performed to evaluate differentiation capacity. (f) Cells were induced to differentiate for 7 days with TTFA, and ARS and ALP staining were performed. Data are presented as the mean±S.E.M. from at least three independent experiments. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 versus relative control