Figure 5 | Cell Death & Disease

Figure 5

From: TGF-β induces TIAF1 self-aggregation via type II receptor-independent signaling that leads to generation of amyloid β plaques in Alzheimer's disease

Figure 5

TIAF1 aggregates in degenerative neurons in the AD hippocampus. (a) Human hippocampal tissue sections were pre-stained with Bielschowski stain (containing silver), followed by staining with specific antibody against TIAF1. Fluoro-Jade C Red was used to identify degenerative neurons. Nuclei were stained with DAPI. Sequential magnification of aggregated TIAF1 (green; from × 40 to × 400) shows its colocalization with degenerative neurons (both in red and blue). (b) TIAF1 aggregation is shown in the extracellular matrix containing no signal for nuclei. (c) A representative negative control. The above sections were stained with a secondary antibody (green), Fluoro-Jade C Red and DAPI. Scale bars a–c, 20 μm for × 400 magnification, and 200 μm for × 40 magnification. (d) A confocal image of a plaque, containing TIAF1 and Aβ, is shown ( × 600; also see data in Supplementary Figure S10). Scale bar, 20 μm for × 600 magnification. (e) A confocal image of a TIAF1 plaque, containing de novo synthesized Aβ aggregates in the epicenter, is shown from the hippocampal section of an APP/PS1 transgenic mouse (also see Supplementary Figure S11)

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