Figure 2 | Cell Death & Disease

Figure 2

From: Protection of pancreatic INS-1 β-cells from glucose- and fructose-induced cell death by inhibiting mitochondrial permeability transition with cyclosporin A or metformin

Figure 2

Double channel imaging of NAD(P)H autofluorescence and mitochondrial electrical membrane potential. INS-1 cells incubated in the absence (control) or presence of 1 μM CsA or incubated overnight in the presence of 100 μM metformin were loaded with 20 nM TMRM and exposed to 150 nM A23187. The fluorescence of NAD(P)H (blue) and TMRM (red) was imaged simultaneously every 5 min. TMRM and NAD(P)H quantification was calculated with Volocity software using a threshold value of 3 and 50, which corresponded to the highest fluorescence outside cells for TMRM and NAD(P)H, respectively. ‘Area’ represents the sum of all the pixels above the threshold. For easier comparisons, areas were normalized (divided by the corresponding area before A23187 addition) before NAD(P)H/TMRM ratios were calculated. Histograms represent the results of three different experiments. Results are mean±S.E.; *P<0.05 versus 0 min, paired Student's t-test. Scale bar, 47 μm

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