Figure 7
The degree of cellular condensation increases with the frequency of ATP oscillations. (a) Bioluminescence monitoring of PACTIN-PxRe activities after chondrogenic induction (time=0 h) at 34°C, 37°C, and 40°C. (b) Condensation behaviours observed with phase contrast images at 34°C, 37°C, and 40°C. Scale bars, 500 μm. (c) Temperature effect on gene expression of type II collagen (COL2A1), aggrecan, and Sox9 at 34°C (white bars), 37°C (grey bars), and 40°C (black bars), respectively. Data show mean±S.D. (n=4). Tukey-Kramer test. **P<0.01 by ANOVA compared with 34°C. ++P < 0.01 by ANOVA compared with 37°C
