Figure 7

Model for the AP-1/miR-199a-5p/ER-stress-mediators regulatory loop in the modulation of hepatic ER stress. Unfolded protein-induced ER stress response could result in both the elevation of the ER mediators’ mRNA and the activation of AP-1, which could in turn induce miR-199a-5p expression. (a) In normal hepatocytes, elevated miR-199a-5p could negatively regulate ER stress by targeting the mRNAs of IRE1α, and then promotes hepatocytes survival. (b) In hepatocytes treated with miR-199a-5p inh, this feedback loop may be broken and unfolded protein may induce uncontrolled sustained ER stress, which results in hepatocyte apoptosis and cell death