Figure 1

DAMPs are derived from different compartments of the cells. For example, they can come from mitochondria (DNA, formyl peptides and ATP), nucleus (HMGB1, high-mobility group box 1 protein; HMGN1, high mobility group nucleosome binding protein 1; histones), ER (calreticulin and ATP) and cytoplasm (ATP and F-actin)^{2, 74, 78}