Figure 6 | Cell Death & Disease

Figure 6

From: Eleostearic acid induces RIP1-mediated atypical apoptosis in a kinase-independent manner via ERK phosphorylation, ROS generation and mitochondrial dysfunction

Figure 6

AIF and RIP1 are dephosphorylated by ESA. (a) PC12 cells were stimulated with ESA at two different concentrations, mild and severe (2 and 3.3 μM in 10-cm dish, respectively). ESA gradually initiated dephosphorylation of both AIF and RIP1 in a time-dependent manner in the mild condition. In the severe condition, the dephosphorylation occurred rapidly (exp-1). Dephosphorylation of AIF was occurred by 5 h after ESA stimulation (exp-2). Unlike AIF, RIP1 protein was not collected due to disruption of the membrane integrity (exp-2). Toc blocked RIP1 dephosphorylation. (b) Transmission electron microscopic analysis shows formation of apoptotic bodies and disruption of mitochondrial cristae. The long flat mitochondrial cristae structure was destroyed by ESA. Mitochondrial inner and outer membranes of some mitochondria in ESA-treated cells were collapsed. Nec1 prevented the mitochondrial damage. (c) Effects of oligomycin on ESA-mediated apoptosis. Oligomycin had a synergistic effect on ESA-mediated apoptosis. Data were obtained from two independent experiments in triplicates. Values are the means±S.D. *P<0.05 (n=6).

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