Figure 1
From: Piperlongumine induces autophagy by targeting p38 signaling
PL induces non-apoptotic and non-necrotic cell death. (a–c) U2OS cells were pre-treated with zVAD (50 μM) for 2 h, followed by treatment with PL (10 μM) for 72 h. (a) Cleavage of caspase-7 induced by PL and inhibition of the cleavage were analyzed by western blot. (b and c) Cell death was determined by Trypan blue exclusion assay and cell viability was measured by the MTT assay. *P<0.05; **P<0.01. (d) U2OS cells were treated with PL (10 μM) for the indicated time points. After the treatment, cells were collected and whole-cell extracts (WCE) were isolated for western blot analysis. Thirty micrograms of total proteins were loaded. GAPDH served as a loading control. (e and f) U2OS cells were pre-treated with NEC-1 (5 μM) for 2 h, followed by treatment with PL (10 μM) for 72 h. Cell death was determined by Trypan blue exclusive assay and cell viability was measured by the MTT assay. Data are shown as mean±S.D. (n=3)
