Figure 4
From: Light-controlled inhibition of malignant glioma by opsin gene transfer
Light stimulation induced the mitochondria-dependent apoptosis of human glioma cells. (a) PI-stained U87 cells in the control, light, eYFP+light, ChETA, and ChETA+light groups are shown in red, and Hoechst 33342-stained nuclei are shown in blue. Bar=100 μm. (b) Quantification of the PI-positive cells in the control, light, eYFP+light, ChETA, and ChETA+light groups, n=5. (c) TUNEL staining of apoptotic U87 cells in the control, light, eYFP+light, ChETA, and ChETA+light groups (shown in red). Hoechst 33342-stained nuclei are shown in blue; bar=50 μm. (d) Quantification of human active Caspase 3 in the control, light, eYFP+light, ChETA, and ChETA+light groups. n=3. (e) Flow cytometric analysis of mitochondrial membrane potential in the control, light, eYFP+light, ChETA, and ChETA+light groups. (f) Quantification of the percentage of glioma cells with normal membrane potential in the control, light, eYFP+light, ChETA, and ChETA+light groups. n=3. (g) Quantification of cytosolic cytochrome c in the control, light, eYFP+light, ChETA, and ChETA+light groups. n=6. (h) Quantification of the percentage of viable U87 at different extracellular calcium concentrations. *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001. n=10
