Figure 4
Perturbation–response relationships in the apoptosis–autophagy–UPS triangle. An overview of the perturbations and their consequences in the apoptosis–autophagy–UPS triangle demonstrates that signalling responses can be either definite or ambiguous. Downward red arrows represent inhibitions or reductions, upward green arrows indicate activation or upregulations. Care therefore needs to be taken when investigating and interpreting experimental data on cause and effect relationships, and when generalising such findings
