Figure 1 | Cell Death & Disease

Figure 1

From: Essential role of PH domain and leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase 2 in Nrf2 suppression via modulation of Akt/GSK3β/Fyn kinase axis during oxidative hepatocellular toxicity

Figure 1

Akt inhibition induces oxidative stress due to perturbed antioxidant balance. Hepatocytes were treated with varying concentrations of LY294002 (10–50 μM) for 30 min. (a) Alteration in enzyme activities of TrxRed, GR, GPx, GST and NQO1 was assessed in LY294002-stressed hepatocytes. (b) Sub-cellular GSH levels assessed using fluorescence microscopy of CMFDA-stained hepatocytes treated with 30 μM and 50 μM LY294002 for 30 min; (magnification × 63). ROS generation was assessed by (c) FACS analysis of DCF-stained cells and (d) fluorimetric estimation of Ethidium/DHE fluorescence ratio. (e) Alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential assessed by JC-1 staining of LY294002-treated hepatocytes (magnification × 40). The micrographs represent images obtained after merging of red and green fluorescence channels. The data are presented as mean±S.E. of at least three independent experiments. *P<0.05 compared with control

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