Figure 2

Wogonin inhibited cellular proliferation, changed the inflammatory microenvironment and regulated the expression of NF-κB and Nrf2 in vivo. (a) The expression of BrdU and PCNA in surrounding and tumor tissues of AOM/DSS-treated mice was examined by immunohistochemistry. (b) Image pro plus software was used to quantify the IHC images. IOD of BrdU- and PCNA-positive cells was shown. All data are expressed as the mean±S.D., *P<0.05, **P<0.01 compared with saline group; ^#P<0.05, ^##P<0.01 compared with AOM/DSS group. (c) The expression of IL-6 and IL-1β in surrounding tissues of AOM/DSS-treated mice was performed by immunohistochemistry. (d) IOD of IL-6- and IL-1β-positive cells was shown. All data are expressed as the mean±S.D., *P<0.05, **P<0.01 compared with saline group; ^#P<0.05, ^##P<0.01 compared with AOM/DSS group. (e) The mRNA levels of IL-6 and IL-1β were measured by real-time RT-PCR, with the use of gene-specific TaqMan primers and a universal PCR master mixture. All data are expressed as the mean±S.D., *P<0.05, **P<0.01 compared with AOM/DSS group. (f) Immunohistochemistry of NF-κB p65 and Nrf2 in surrounding and tumor tissues. (g) IOD of NF-κB p65- and Nrf2-positive cells was shown. All data are expressed as the mean±S.D., *P<0.05, **P<0.01 compared with saline group; ^#P<0.05, ^##P<0.01 compared with AOM/DSS group. (h) NF-κB p65 and Nrf2 nuclear translocations were measured at different time points by western blotting. (i) The relative expression of NF-κB p65 and Nrf2 in nuclear and cytosol fraction was represented by densitometric analysis. The results are representative of three independent experiments and expressed as means±S.D., *P<0.05, **P<0.01 compared with saline group; ^#P<0.05, ^##P<0.01 compared with AOM/DSS group