Figure 1

Functions of plasma membrane-localized TRAIL death receptors. Following binding of their ligand, TRAIL death receptors TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 are able to induce cell death (apoptosis or necroptosis). Alternatively, these receptors may also enhance cell proliferation, inflammation, migration and invasion via activation of multiple ‘non-death-inducing’ signal transduction pathways. LMP, lysosomal membrane permeabilization; MOMP, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization