Figure 3 | Cell Death & Disease

Figure 3

From: Stronger proteasomal inhibition and higher CHOP induction are responsible for more effective induction of paraptosis by dimethoxycurcumin than curcumin

Figure 3

DMC induces the dilation of mitochondria and the ER. (a) MDA-MB 435S sublines (YFP-Mito/435S or YFP-ER/435S) expressing the fluorescence selectively in mitochondria or the ER were treated with 20 μM DMC for the indicated time points and observed under the fluorescent and phase contrast microscope. Bars, 20 μm. (b) The average widths of the vacuoles originated from mitochondria or the ER were measured in YFP-Mito cells or YFP-ER cells treated with 20 μ M DMC for the indicated time points using AxioVision Rel. 4.8 software (Zeiss). Marked increase in the width of the ER-derived vacuoles was observed following treatment with 20 μ M DMC. Results were repeated in three other independent experiments. In each experiment, 50 cells were scored. Bar, 20 μm. (c) MDA-MB 435S cells were untreated or treated with 20 μ M DMC for 16 h, fixed and subjected for immunocytochemistry of COX IV and PDI. Representative pictures of cells are shown. Bars, 20 μm. (d) MDA-MB 435S cells were treated with 20 μ M DMC for the indicated durations and electron microscopy was performed as described in the Materials and Methods section. White arrows, megamitochondria; black arrows, swollen and fused ER. Bars, 2 μm. (e) MDA-MB 435S cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of DMC or curcumin for 16 h. Representative pictures of cells are shown. Bar, 20 μm

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