Figure 2 | Cell Death & Disease

Figure 2

From: Hypericin-mediated sonodynamic therapy induces autophagy and decreases lipids in THP-1 macrophage by promoting ROS-dependent nuclear translocation of TFEB

Figure 2

HY-SDT-induced macrophage autophagy occurs earlier than apoptosis and through AMPK/AKT/mTOR pathway. (a) Western blot analysis of autophagy signaling pathway proteins at the indicated time following HY-SDT. (b) TEM analysis of autophagy activation in macrophages at the indicated time following HY-SDT (red arrow, autolysosome). (c) Western blot analysis of the major involvement of autophagy signaling pathway during HY-SDT in the presence or absence of different inhibitors. LY294002, Triciribine and CC are PI3K, AKT and AMPK inhibitors, respectively. (d) Western blot analysis of autophagic flux through SQSTM1/p62 and LC3 II/I in the presence of autophagic flux inhibitors, including Baf A1 (vacuolar-type H+-ATPase inhibitor) and CQ. (e) The effect of different autophagy inhibitors on cell viability following HY-SDT measured by CCK-8 assay. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 versus control, #P<0.05 versus SDT. All values are given as mean±S.D. (error bars) of three independent experiments

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