Table 2 Effects of Gas6 in various cancers

System	Tumour type	Effect of Gas6 on tumour development	Underlying mechanism	Reference no.
Locomotor system	Osteosarcoma	Promotion	Akt activation	⁶⁶
Circulatory system	Acute myeloid leukaemia	Promotion	ERK1/2, P38, MSK1 and CREB phosphorylation ATF-1, Akt and STAT6 activation	⁷⁵
	Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia	Promotion	Binding of Gas6 to Mer	⁷⁶
Nervous system	Schwannoma	Promotion	Src, FAK and NF-κB recruitment	⁷⁷
	Glioma	Promotion	Binding of Gas6 to Axl	³²
Endocrine system	Thyroid carcinoma	Promotion	Gas6-Tyro3/Axl autocrine circuit	⁶⁴
Respiratory system	Lung cancer	Promotion	Binding of Gas6 to Axl	⁶
Digestive system	Oral squamous cell carcinoma	Promotion	Binding of Gas6 to Axl	¹³
	Gastric cancer	Promotion	Binding of Gas6 to Axl	⁸⁶
	Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma	Promotion	Akt activation	¹⁵
	Intestinal tumour	Inhibition		⁸
	Hepatocellular carcinoma	Promotion	Slug expression	⁸⁵
Urinary system	Prostate cancer	Promotion	Akt and MAPK phosphorylation	¹⁴
	Renal cell carcinoma	Promotion	Binding of Gas6 to Axl	¹²
Reproductive system	Uterine leiomyoma	Promotion	Binding of Gas6 to Axl	⁹⁶
	Ovarian carcinoma	Promotion	Binding of Gas6 to TAM	⁹⁷
Other cancers	Breast cancer	Promotion	Expression of PRB and Gas6	⁹⁹
	Melanoma	Promotion	MAPK/ERK, PI3K/Akt, JAK/STAT activation	⁵⁶

Abbreviations: Akt, protein kinase B; ATF-1, activating transcription factor-1; CREB, cAMP-response element binding protein; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; FAK, focal adhesion kinase; Gas6, growth arrest-specific gene 6; JAK, Janus tyrosine kinase; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MSK1, mitogen-and stress-active protein kinase 1; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PRB, progesterone receptor B; STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription; STAT1, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1
Gas6/TAM has a critical role in oncogenesis in many tissues, and most studies indicate that Gas6 promotes cancer. Interestingly, one study revealed a unique in vivo inhibitory role of Gas6 during the progression of intestinal tumours. The underlying mechanisms are mostly clear

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