Figure 4

Effects of TTN on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NF-κB and AP-1 activation (a and b) RAW264.7 cells and THP-1 cells were pretreated with TTN for 1 h before LPS stimulation for another 2 h. The phosphorylation of p65 was determined by western blotting analysis (n=6). (c) RAW264.7 cells were transiently co-transfected with NF-κB-luc and TK-luc or AP-1-luc and TK-luc for 48 h. Cells were pretreated with TTN (4 μg/ml) before LPS (1 μg/ml) stimulation for another 24 h. Luciferase activity was determined by Dual-Glo Luciferase Assay (n=6). (d) RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with the indicated concentrations of TTN for 1 h before LPS stimulation for another 2 h. NF-κB/p65 translocation was determined by immunofluorescence assay (n=3). The values were expressed as means±S.D. *P<0.05 and **P<0.01 versus LPS alone group