Table 4 Accuracy of sAxl, sAxl/albumin ratio, ELF™ test and transient elastography (Fibroscan®) for the detection of significant fibrosis (≥F2), advanced fibrosis (≥F3), F4 and cirrhosis according to imaging

From: The non-invasive serum biomarker soluble Axl accurately detects advanced liver fibrosis and cirrhosis

Fibrosis/cirrhosis	AUC (95%CI)	Sensitivity (%)	Specificity (%)	PPV	NPV	Youden's Index	Cut-off
sAxl
All patients
F≥2	0.737	59.4	80.2	73.1	68.6	0.396	52.78
F≥3	0.749	70.5	74.0	51.5	86.5	0.445	52.78
F4	0.801	77.8	71.9	38.9	93.4	0.497	52.98
Cirrhosis	0.807	78.5	72.8	36.4	94.4	0.512	52.98
NAFLD
F≥2	0.692	49.1	83.9	65.1	72.9	0.330	48.96
F≥3	0.747	62.2	86.7	60.5	87.5	0.489	52.78
F4	0.788	70.0	83.1	38.9	94.7	0.531	52.97
Cirrhosis	0.776	70.0	82.1	34.1	95.4	0.521	52.97
Viral hepatitis
F≥2	0.697	69.1	67.7	79.2	55.3	0.368	54.01
F≥3	0.718	78.1	57.4	52.1	81.6	0.355	54.00
F4	0.788	71.4	80.0	53.6	89.7	0.514	65.32
Cirrhosis	0.788	71.4	80.0	53.6	89.7	0.514	65.32
AIH/CLD/Overlap
F≥2	0.754	60.0	87.5	33.3	47.5	0.475	52.22
F≥3	0.640	60.0	67.9	50.0	76.0	0.279	60.32
F4	0.696	72.7	68.8	44.4	88.0	0.415	60.32
Cirrhosis	0.760	75.0	78.0	40.9	93.9	0.530	60.32
sAxl/albumin
All patients
F≥2	0.763	54.4	88.1	81.3	68.3	0.425	1.29
F≥3	0.776	65.3	81.0	53.1	87.4	0.463	1.29
F4	0.826	77.8	78.5	46.2	93.9	0.562	1.29
Cirrhosis	0.831	78.5	79.5	44.0	94.9	0.580	1.29
NAFLD
F≥2	0.712	61.4	78.5	63.6	76.8	0.399	1.03
F≥3	0.774	62.2	92.0	71.9	88.1	0.542	1.19
F4	0.798	65.0	92.3	56.5	94.5	0.573	1.36
Cirrhosis	0.789	65.0	91.4	50.0	95.2	0.564	1.36
Viral hepatitis
F≥2	0.736	54.5	87.1	88.2	51.9	0.416	1.42
F≥3	0.750	53.1	90.7	77.3	76.6	0.439	1.69
F4	0.823	71.4	89.2	68.2	90.6	0.607	1.69
Cirrhosis	0.823	71.4	89.2	68.2	90.6	0.607	1.69
AIH/CLD/Overlap
F≥2	0.750	60.0	87.5	95.5	33.3	0.475	1.22
F≥3	0.657	33.0	96.4	83.0	73.0	0.298	3.66
F4	0.739	63.6	75.0	46.7	85.7	0.386	1.60
Cirrhosis	0.805	75.0	79.7	42.9	94.0	0.547	1.47
ELF™test
All patients
F≥2	0.819	75.4	76.4	73.7	77.9	0.517	9.2
F≥3	0.858	72.0	83.7	64.3	89.2	0.557	9.9
F4	0.909	89.1	78.4	46.6	97.4	0.675	9.8
Cirrhosis	0.909	87.5	78.9	42.4	97.4	0.664	9.8
NAFLD
F≥2	0.831	77.4	80.7	70.7	85.5	0.580	9.2
F≥3	0.876	90.9	75.0	52.6	96.4	0.659	9.2
F4	0.929	93.8	84.8	44.1	99.1	0.785	9.7
Cirrhosis	0.936	93.8	86.3	42.9	99.2	0.801	9.7
Viral hepatitis
F≥2	0.763	82.9	64.0	79.1	69.6	0.469	8.9
F≥3	0.792	56.5	90.7	76.5	79.6	0.472	10.2
F4	0.813	100	47.2	31.7	100	0.472	9.0
Cirrhosis	0.813	100	47.2	31.7	100	0.472	9.0
AIH/CLD/Overlap
F≥2	0.747	50.0	100	100	33.0	0.500	10.8
F≥3	0.795	81.8	79.2	64.3	90.5	0.610	10.8
F4	0.872	100	80.8	64.3	100	0.808	10.8
Cirrhosis	0.898	90.0	88.5	60.0	97.9	0.785	10.8
Fibroscan®
All patients
F≥2	0.850	67.0	86.0	77.3	77.9	0.524	9.4
F≥3	0.890	76.0	88.0	66.7	92.0	0.639	11.1
F4	0.970	88.0	95.0	75.0	98.0	0.834	16.6
Cirrhosis	0.930	84.0	96.0	76.2	97.3	0.799	16.6
NAFLD
F≥2	0.853	81.8	74.5	58.1	90.5	0.563	8.9
F≥3	0.935	90.9	80.6	45.5	98.0	0.716	10.1
F4	0.935	100	78.5	36.4	100	0.785	10.1
Cirrhosis	0.937	100	79.1	36.4	100	0.791	10.1
Viral hepatitis
F≥2	0.760	85.0	100	100	81.2	0.850	8.9
F≥3	0.887	92.3	75.0	70.6	93.8	0.673	8.8
F4	1.000	100	100	100	100	1.000	18.8
cirrhosis	1.000	100	100	100	100	1.000	18.8
AIH/CLD/Overlap
F≥2	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.
F≥3	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.
F4	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.
cirrhosis	1.000	100	100	100	100	1.000	23.1

Abbreviation: n.d., not determined

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Table 4 Accuracy of sAxl, sAxl/albumin ratio, ELF™ test and transient elastography (Fibroscan®) for the detection of significant fibrosis (≥F2), advanced fibrosis (≥F3), F4 and cirrhosis according to imaging

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