Figure 1

Alcohol (EtOH) induces a reactive phenotype in human astrocytes. Astrocytes were treated with 0 (a1–a3), 25 (b1–b3), 50 (c1–c3) and 100 (d1–d3) mM EtOH and incubated for 3 (a1–d1), 5 (a2–d2) or 7 (a3–d3) days. Fixed cells were immunostained with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP, red) and counter-stained with DAPI (blue) to identify nuclei. Original magnification, ×200.