Figure 4 | Cell Death Discovery

Figure 4

From: Cytosolic phospholipase A2 regulates alcohol-mediated astrocyte inflammatory responses in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders

Figure 4

EtOH with or without HIV-1, alters astrocyte inflammatory responses. IL-1β (a) and TNF-α (b) mRNA levels were measured by real-time PCR in astrocytes exposed to EtOH±HIV-1 for 24 h. GAPDH was used as an internal normalizing control. In parallel experiments, astrocytes were exposed to EtOH for 5 days followed by HIV-1 for 24 h. CXCL8 (c) and TIMP-1 (d) protein levels in cell supernatant were analyzed by ELISA and then normalized to unit MTT activity. Cumulative data from three independent astrocyte donors, each assayed in multiple replicates are shown as fold changes to control. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test for multiple comparisons (*P<0.05, **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001).

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