Figure 2 | Cell Death Discovery

Figure 2

From: AMPK maintains energy homeostasis and survival in cancer cells via regulating p38/PGC-1α-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis

Figure 2

AMPK increases mitochondrial density in cancer cells. (a) H1299-EV (i), H1299-DN (ii), WT (iii) and AMPK-DKO (iv) cells were cultured in either 25 mM or 1 mM glucose, and 2 mM glutamine in the presence of 0.5 mM AICAR or 20 nM rapamycin for 24 h. Mitochondrial density was measured using MitoTracker Red FM by flow cytometry. (b, c) Quantitative bar graphs showing the relative change in the mean fluorescence intensity of MitoTracker Red FM in H1299 cells (b) and MEFs (c) under indicated treatment conditions. (d–f) Citrate synthase activity (d), respiratory complex I activity (e) and relative ATP level (f), in H1299 cells grown in DMEM containing 25 or 1 mM glucose with or without AICAR and rapamycin for 24 h. (g, h) Citrate synthase activity (g) and relative ATP level (h), in WT and AMPK-DKO MEFs cultured under indicated conditions. (i) Immunoblots showing protein levels of indicated molecules involved in AMPK/mTOR pathway and mitochondrial biogenesis. Values are represented as mean±S.D. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001 denote significant differences between the groups.

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