Figure 3

Analysis of the interactions between HBx and MDA5, VISA or TBK1. (a) HBx interacts with MDA5 and VISA but not TBK1. The 293 cells (2×10⁶) were transfected with the indicated plasmids (8 µg each). Twenty-four hours after transfection, cells were lysed and coimmunoprecipitation experiments were performed. (b) HBx binds to the N-terminal CARD domain of MDA5. The experiments were performed as described in (a). (c) HBx interacts with the C-terminal domain (aa 360–540) of VISA. The experiments were performed as in (a). (d) Colocalization of HBx with MDA5 and VISA. The 293 cells were transfected with the indicated plasmids. Transfected cells were stained with MitoTracker Red and observed by confocal microscopy. aa, amino acid; HBx, HBV-encoded X protein; TBK1, TANK-binding kinase 1.