Abstract
The apple rootstock, A106 (Malus sieboldii), had 17 bivalents in pollen mother cells at meiotic metaphase 1, and 17 chromosomes in a haploid pollen cell. Karyotypes were prepared from root-tip cells with 2n = 34 chromosomes. Seven out of 82 karyotypes (8.5%) showed one pair of satellites at the end of the short arm of chromosome 3. C-bands were shown on 6 pairs of chromosomes 2, 4, 6, 8, 14, and 16 near the telomeric regions of short arms. Probes for three ripening-related genes from Malus x domestica: endopolygalacturonase (EPG, 0.6 kb), ACC oxidase (1.2 kb), and ACC synthase (2 kb) were hybridized in situ to metaphase chromosomes of A106. Hybridization sites for the EPG gene were observed on the long arm of chromosome 14 in 15 out of 16 replicate spreads and proximal to the centromere of chromosomes 6 and 11. For the ACC oxidase gene, hybridization sites were observed in the telomeric region of the short arm of chromosomes 5 and 11 in 87% and 81% of 16 spreads respectively, proximal to the centromere of chromosome 1 in 81% of the spreads, and on the long arm of chromosome 13 in 50% of the spreads. Twenty five spreads were studied for tile ACC synthase gene and hybridization sites were observed in the telomeric region of the short arm of chromosome 12 in 96% of the spreads, chromosomes 9 and 10 in 76% of the spreads, and chromosome 17 in 56% of the spreads.
Similar content being viewed by others
Log in or create a free account to read this content
Gain free access to this article, as well as selected content from this journal and more on nature.com
or
References
Jiang J, Gill BS . Sequential chromosome banding and in situ hybridization analysis. Genome 1993; 36:792–5.
Simpson PR, Newman MA, Davis DR . Detection of legumin gene DNA sequences in pea by in situ hybridization. Chromosoma (Berl) 1988; 96:454–8.
Murray BG, Bennett MD, Hammett KRW . Secondary constrictions and NORs of lathyrus investigated by siver staining and in situ hybridization. Heredity 1992; 68:473–8.
Lapitan NLV, Ganal MW, Tanksley SD . Organization of the 5S ribosomal RNA genes in the genome of tomato. Genome 1991; 34:509–14.
Zhu JM, Gardiner SE . Chromosomal localization of ribosomal DNA sequences in an apple rootstock using a digoxygenin detection system. Cell Research (1995); 5(1):1–7.
King G J, Alston FH, Battle I, Chevreau E, Gessler C, Janse J, Lindhout P, Manganaris AG Sansavini S, Schmidt H, Tobutt K . 'The European apple genome mapping project' - developing a strategy for mapping genes coding for agronomic characters in tree species. Euphytica 1991; 56: 89–94.
Hemmat M, Weeden NF, Manganaris AG, Lawson DM . Molecular marker linkage map for apple. J Hered, 1994; 85(1):4–11.
Gardiner SE, Zhu JM, Whitehead HCM, Madie C . The New Zealand apple genome mapping project. Euphytica (1994); 77:77–81.
Lespinasse Y, Alston FH, Watkins R . Cytological techniques for use in apple breeding. Ann Appl Biol 1976; 82:349–53.
Schweizer D . Differential staining of plant chromosomes with Giemsa. Chromosoma (Berl) 1973; 40:307–20.
Sumner AT . A simple technique for demonstrating centromeric heterochromatin. Exp Cell Res 1972; 75:304–6.
Seal AG, Bennett MD . Preferential C-banding of wheat or rye chromosomes. Theor Appl Genet 1982; 63:227–33.
Kakeda K, Fukui K, Yanmgata H . Heterochromatic differentiation in barley chromosomes revealed by C- and N- banding techniques. Theor Appl Genet 1991; 81:144–50.
Heneen WK, Brismar K . Rye heterochromatin in the somatic chromosome of triticale in relation to grain shrivelling. Hereditas 1987; 107:137–45.
MacGregor HC, Varley JM . Chapter 4 Chromosome banding. In: Working with animal chromosomes. John Wiley and Son Ltd Chichester, New York, Brisbane, Toronto, Singapore. 1983: p 70–96
Ross GS, Knighton ML, Lay-Lee M . An ethylene-related cDNA from ripening apples. Plant molecular Biology 1992; 19:231–8.
Lay-Yee M, Knighton ML . A full-length cDNA encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic synthase from apple. Plant Physiol 1995; 107:1017–8.
Emanuel JR . Simple and efficient system for synthesis of non-radioactive nucleic acid hybridization probes using PCR. Nucleic Acids Research 1991; 19 (10):2790.
Levan A, Predga K, Sandberg AA . Nomenclature for centromeric position on chromosomes. Hereditas 1964; 52:201–20.
Chen RY . Chromosome atlas of chinese principal economic plants. Tonms I, Chromosome atlas of chinese fruit trees and their close wild relatives. Chen RY Ed. 1993.
Dilley DR, Wilson ID . Molecular biological investigations of gene expression attending fruit ripening: Current status and future prospects. Hort Technology 1992; 2 (3):294–301.
Atkinson RG . Molecular approaches to horticultural crop improvement. PhD Thesis, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand 1993.
Dong JG, Kim WT, Yip WK, Thompson GA, Li L, Bennett AB, fang SF . Cloning of a cDNA enxoding l-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic synthase and expression of its mRNA in ripening apple fruit. Planta 1991; 185:38–45.
Rottman WH, Peter GF, Oeller PW, et al. 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase in tomato is encoded by a multigene family whose transcription is induced during fruit and floral senescence. J Mol Biol 1991; 222:937–61.
Schwarzacher T, Anamthawat-J onsson K, Harrison GE, et al. Genomic in situ hybridization to identify alien chromosomes and chromosome segments in wheat. Theor Appl Genet 1992; 84:778–86.
Ricroch A, Peffley EB, Baker RJ . Chromosomal location of rDNA in Allium: in situ hybridization using biotin- and fluorescein-labelled probe. Theor Appl Genet 1992; 83:413–8.
Griffor MC, Vodkin LO, Singh R J, Hymowitz T . Fluorescent in situ hybridization to soybean metaphase chromosomes. Plant Molecular Biology 1991; 17: 101–9.
Schmidt T, Schwarzacher T, Heslop-Harrison JS . Physical mapping of rRNA genes by flourescent in situ hybridization and structural analysis of 5S rRNA genes and intergenic spacer sequences in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) Theor Appl Genet 1994; 88:629–36.
Preiszmer J, Takacs I, Bilgin M, Gyorgyey J, Dudits D, Feher A . Organization of a Solanum brevidens repetitive sequence related to the TGRI subtelomeric repeats of Lycopersicon escu-lentum. Theor Appl Genet 1994; 89:1–8.
Fan YS, Davis LM, Shows TB . Mapping small DNA sequences by fluorescence in situ hybridization directly on banded metaphase chromosomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990; 87: 6223–7.
Heng HHQ . Tsui L-C . Modes of DAPI banding and simultaneous in situ hybridization. Chromosoma 1993; 102:325–32.
Guerra, M . Cytogenetics of Rutaceae. V. High chromosomal variability in Citrus species revealed by CMA/DAPI staining. Heredity 1993; 71:234–41.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhu, J., Gardiner, S. & Lay-Yee, M. Physical mapping of three fruit ripening genes: Endopolygalacturonase, ACC oxidase and ACC synthase from apple (Malus x domestica) in an apple rootstock A106 (Malus sieboldii). Cell Res 5, 243–253 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1038/cr.1995.23
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/cr.1995.23
Keywords
This article is cited by
-
Chromosomal localization of a tandemly repeated DNA sequence in Trifolium repens L.
Cell Research (1996)
