Abstract
After lamins A, B and C were isolated and purified from rat liver, their assembly properties were examined by electron microscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy using negative staining and the glycerol coating method, respectively. By varying the assembly time or the ionic conditions under which polymerization takes place, we have observed different stages of lamin assembly, which may provide clues on the structure of the 10 nm lamin filaments. At the first level of structural organization, two lamin polypeptides associate laterally into dimers with the two domains being parallel and in register. At the second level of structural organization, two dimers associate in a half-staggered and antiparallel fashion to form a tetramer 75 nm in length. At the third level of structural organization, 4-10 lamin tetramers associate laterally in register to form 75 nm long 10nm filaments, which in turn combine head to head into long, fully assembled lamin filaments. The assembled lamin filaments are nonpolar.
Similar content being viewed by others
Log in or create a free account to read this content
Gain free access to this article, as well as selected content from this journal and more on nature.com
or
References
McKeon FD, Kirschner MW, Caput D . Homologies in both primary and secondary structure between nuclear envelope and intermediate filament proteins. Nature 1986; 319:463–8.
Fisher DZ, Chaudhary N, Blobel G . cDNA sequencing of nuclear lamins A and C reveals primary and secondary structural homology to intermediate filament proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1986; 83: 6450–4.
Franke WW . Nuclear lamins and cytoplasmic intermediate filament proteins: a growing multigene family. Cell 1987; 48: 3–4.
Gerace LA, Blum A, Blobel G . Immunoeytochemical localization of the major polypeptides of the nuclear pore complex-lamina fraction. J Cell Biol 1978; 79:546–66.
Aebi U, Cohn J, Buhle L, Gerace L . The nuclear lamina is a meshwork of intermediate-type filaments. Nature 1986; 323:560–4.
Newport JW, Wilson KL, Dunphy WG . A lamin-independent pathway for nuclear envelope assembly. J Cell Biol 1990; 111:2247–59.
Whytock S, Moir RD, Stewart M . Selective digestion of nuclear envelopes from Xenopus oocyte germinal vesicles: possible structure role for the nuclear lamina. J Cell Sci 1990; 97:571–80.
Lebkowski JS, Laemmli UK . Non-histone proteins and long-range organization of Hela interphase DNA. J Molec Biol 1982; 156:325–44.
Benevente R, Krohne G . Involvement of nuclear lamins in postmitotie reorganization of chro- matin as demonstrated by microinjection of lamin antibodies. J Cell Biol 1986; 94:1847–54.
Riedel W, Werner D . Nucleotide sequence of the full-length mouse lamin C cDNA and its deduced amino-acid sequence. Biochem Biophys Acta 1989; 1008:119–22.
Vorburger K, Lehner CF, Kitten GT, Eppenberger HM, Nigg EA . A second higher vertebrate B-type lamin: cDNA sequence determination and in vitro processing of chicken lamin B2. J Mol Biol 1989; 208:405–15.
Peter M, Kitten GT, Lehner CF, et al. Cloning and sequencing of cDNA clones encoding chicken lamins A and B1 and comparison of the primary structures of vertebrate A- and B-type lamins. J Mol Biol 1989; 208:393–404.
Stick R . cDNA cloning of the developmentally regulated lamin L-III of Xenuopus laevis. EMBO J 1988; 7:3189–97.
McKeon FD . Nuclear lamin proteins: Domains required for nuclear targeting assembly and cell-cycle-regulated dynamics. Curr Opin Cell Biol 1991; 3:82–6.
Parry DAD, Conway JF, Steinert PM . Structural studies on lamins: Similarities and differences between lamin and intermediate-filament proteins. Biochem J 1986; 238:305–8.
Krohne G, Wolin SL, McKeon FD, Franke WW, Kirsehner MW . Nuclear lamin L1 of Xenuopus laevis: cDNA cloning amino acid sequence and binding specificity of a member of lamin B subfamily. EMBO J 1987; 6:3801–3808.
Heitlinger E, Peter M, Haner M, Lustig A, Aebi U, Nigg EA . Expression of chicken lamin B2 in E.coli: Characterization of its structure assembly and molecular interactions. J Cell Biol 1991; 113:485–95.
Driscoll RJ, Youngquist MG, Baldeschwieler D . Atomic-scale imaging of DNA using scanning tunneling microscopy. Nature 1990; 346:294–6.
Lindsay SM, Lyubchenko YL, Tao NJ, et al. STM and AFM studies of biomaterials at a liquid-solid interface. J Vac Sci Technol 1994; All (4):808–15.
Kaufmann SH, Gibson W, Shaper JH . Characterization of the major polypeptides of the rat liver nuclear envelope. J Biol Chem 1983; 258:2710–9.
Aebi U, Pollard TD . A glow discharge unit to render electron microscope grids and other surfaces hydrophilic. J Electron Microsc 1987; 7:29–33.
Gerace LA, Blobel G . The nuclear envelope lamina is reversibly depolymerized during mtosis. Cell 1980; 19:277–87.
Ip W, Hartzer MK, Pang YYS, Robson RM . Assembly of vimentin in vitro and its implications concerning the structure of intermediate filaments. J Mol Biol 1985; 183:365–75.
Moir RD, Donaldson AD, Stewart M . Expression in Escherichia coli of human lamins A and C: influence of head. J Cell Sci 1991; 99:363–72.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Min, G., Tong, X., Chen, B. et al. Assembly of lamins in vitro. Cell Res 6, 11–22 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1038/cr.1996.2
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/cr.1996.2