Figure 3

RIP1 and Mlkl might not be involved in cationic nanocarrier-induced cell necrosis. Mouse dermal fibroblasts (MDFs) were isolated from both wild-type and Mlkl^−/− mice. Abbreviations and concentrations are as follows: T, hTNF (100 ng/ml); S, Smac-mimetic (500 nM); N, Necrostatin-1 (50 μM); Q, QVD-OPH (5 μM); DOTAP liposome (25 μg/ml); PEI (5 μg/ml); Chitosan (25 μg/ml). (A, C) MDFs were treated as indicated for 18 h. (B, D) MDFs were treated with cationic carriers for 30 min. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM of triplicates.^*P < 0.05 by Student's t-test.