Figure 3

Pyramiding of the npt1 and dep1-1 alleles enhances panicle branching and grain yield in rice. (A) Levels of OsOTUB1 transcript present in the organs of NIL plants. R, root; C, culm; LB, leaf blade; LS, leaf sheath; SAM, shoot apical meristem; YP0.2, YP6, YP12: young panicles, with a mean length of 0.2 cm, 6 cm or 12 cm, respectively. Relative expression levels are presented as the relative number of copies per 1 000 copies of rice Actin1. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM (n = 3). (B) Plant morphology. Scale bar, 20 cm. (C) Panicle morphology. Scale bar, 5 cm. (D) Grain morphology. Scale bar, 2 mm. (E-J) A quantitative comparison of the two NILs. (E) Heading date. (F) Plant height. (G) Number of tillers per plant. (H) Number of secondary branches per panicle. (I) Number of grains per panicle. (J) 1 000 grain weight. (K) An image of the shoot apical meristem. Scale bar, 50 μm. (L) Scanning electron microscopy image of a culm. Scale bar, 25 μm. (M) Culm vascular system. Scale bar, 500 μm. (N), Total number of large and small vascular bundles shown in M. (O) Overall grain yield per plant. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM (n = 288). All phenotypic data were measured from paddy-grown plants under normal cultivation conditions. Student's t-test was used to generate the P values.