Table 5 Modifications of inflammatory profile

From: Characterization of Khorasan wheat (Kamut) and impact of a replacement diet on cardiovascular risk factors: cross-over dietary intervention study

Variable (pg/ml)

Kamut Pre

Kamut post

Change

P-value

Control pre

Control post

Change

P-value

IL-1ra

36.1 (0.78–71.4)

22.9 (3.48–42.5)

−13.06 (−29.1; 3.00)

0.1

24.6 (11.1–38.1)

17.4 (11.3–23.3)

−7.26 (−16.3; 1.81)

0.1

IL-4

0.34 (0.20–0.48)

0.29 (0.16–0.43)

−0.05 (−0.09; 0.005)

0.07

0.37 (0.23–0.51)

0.31 (0.19–0.43)

−0.06 (−0.17; 0.04)

0.2

IL-6

3.56 (2.73–4.39)

2.72 (2.23–3.21)

−0.84 (−1.52; −0.16)

0.02

3.13 (2.28–3.98)

3.05 (2.24–3.86)

−0.09 (−0.74; 0.57)

0.9

IL-8

32.04 (13.5–50.6)

22.8 (11.6–47.4)

−9.18 (−28.7; 10.4)

0.3

23.2 (10.8–35.6)

22.1 (6.7–37.6)

−1.05 (−8.01; 5.90)

0.8

IL-10

7.30 (3.13–11.5)

4.76 (2.92–6.59)

−2.55 (−5.57; 0.47)

0.09

4.82 (3.90–5.74)

4.34 (3.29–9.38)

−0.48 (−1.50; 0.54)

0.3

IL-12

11.7 (8.99–14.4)

8.39 (6.37–10.4)

−3.29 (−4.81; −1.78)

<0.0001

10.7 (9.19–12.28)

9.27 (7.64–10.89)

−1.47 (−3.26; 0.33)

0.1

IL-17

3.11 (2.35–3.87)

2.61 (1.85–3.38)

−0.49 (−1.29; 0.31)

0.2

3.17 (2.15–4.19)

2.54 (1.39–3.70)

−0.63 (−1.53; 0.27)

0.2

IP-10

837.2 (586.3–1088)

807.1 (579.7–1034.6)

−30 (−95.9; 35.9)

0.3

863.1 (562.9–1163.4)

838.3 (610.3–1066.2)

−24.9 (−225.9; 176.2)

0.8

MCP-1

54 (38.2–69.8)

44.8 (32.7–56.9)

−9.20 (−16.9; −1.42)

0.02

55.4 (38.9–71.8)

45.9 (31.6–60.4)

−9.37 (−15.4; −3.34)

0.005

MIP-1β

171.3 (114.7–200.8)

146.2 (117.7–174.7)

−25.1 (−42.6; −7.55)

0.008

169.8 (133.1–206.5)

138.1 (113.4–162.9)

−31.7 (−48.8; −14.6)

0.001

TNF-α,

8.27 (5.18–11.4)

5.42 (3.82–7.01)

−2.86 (−5.63; −0.09)

0.04

6.34 (4.22–8.45)

7.47 (4.39–10.5)

1.13 (−2.56; 4.82)

0.5

VEGF

77.5 (64.9–90.2)

69.3 (54.2–84.5)

−8.18 (−16.0; −3.43)

0.04

84.4 (71.3–97.5)

74.9 (58.3–91.4)

−9.54 (−20.5; 1.40)

0.08

  1. Abbreviations: IP-10, interferon gamma-induced protein-10; MCP-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1; MIP-1β, macrophage inflammatory protein-1β; TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor-α; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor. Data are reported as geometric mean and (range). General linear model adjusted for age, gender, smoking habit, hypertension and physical activity.