Abstract
Microcephaly with or without chorioretinopathy, lymphoedema, or mental retardation (MCLMR) (MIM No.152950) is a rare autosomal dominant condition for which a causative gene has recently been identified. Mutations in the kinesin family member 11 (KIF11) gene have now been described in 16 families worldwide. This is a review of the condition based on the clinical features of 37 individuals from 22 families. This report includes nine previously unreported families and additional information for some of those reported previously. The condition arose de novo in 8/20 families (40%). The parental results were not available for two probands. The mutations were varied and include missense, nonsense, frameshift, and splice site and are distributed evenly throughout the KIF11 gene. In our cohort, 86% had microcephaly, 78% had an ocular abnormality consistent with the diagnosis, 46% had lymphoedema, 73% had mild-moderate learning difficulties, 8% had epilepsy, and 8% had a cardiac anomaly. We identified three individuals with KIF11 mutations but no clinical features of MCLMR demonstrating reduced penetrance. The variable expression of the phenotype and the presence of mildly affected individuals indicates that the prevalence may be higher than expected, and we would therefore recommend a low threshold for genetic testing.
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Acknowledgements
We thank the families for agreeing to the publication of their clinical details and photographs. We also thank the British Heart Foundation (PG/10/58/28477 to PO) and (FS/11/40/28739 to KG), Sheffield Children’s Hospital Charity, and the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at the Moorfields Eye Hospital and the Institute of Ophthalmology for supporting the research.
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The Ethical approval for this work was obtained from the South West London Research Ethics Committee (REC Ref: 05/Q0803/257) and the North Sheffield Research Ethics Committee (REC Ref: 05/Q2308/156).
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Jones, G., Ostergaard, P., Moore, A. et al. Microcephaly with or without chorioretinopathy, lymphoedema, or mental retardation (MCLMR): review of phenotype associated with KIF11 mutations. Eur J Hum Genet 22, 881–887 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2013.263
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2013.263
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