Figure 3 | Experimental & Molecular Medicine

Figure 3

From: TNF-α-induced up-regulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 is regulated by a Rac-ROS-dependent cascade in human airway epithelial cells

Figure 3

TNF-α induces ROS generation via NADPH oxidase-like flavoprotein in A549 cells. (A) A549 cells were grown to confluence on cover slips for 2 days and serum-starved with 0.5% FBS-supplemented RPMI for additional 2 days. Then, 20 ng/ml TNF-α was applied for the indicated times. DCF fluorescence, reflecting relative levels of ROS (arbitrary units), was imaged using a confocal laser-scanning microscope and quantified. Statistical significance of ROS measurements was assessed using unpaired Student's test (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01). (B) Serum-starved A549 cells were stimulated with 20 ng/ml TNF-α for 30 min in the presence or absence of DPI (5 µM). Data are expressed as means ± SD (n = 30 cells) relative to untreated control A549 cells of three independent experiments. Statistical significance of ROS measurements was assessed using unpaired Student's test (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01).

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