Figure 3

Inhibitory effects of GFW on LPS-induced TNF-α secretion in the TPA-differentiated U937 cells. U937 cells were differentiated by the incubation with TPA (20 ng/ml) for 48 h, and then, stimulated with LPS for 18 h. Secreted TNF-α protein level in the culture supernatant was measured using a TNF-α ELISA kit. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments with duplicate. *P < 0.01 compared to untreated control group. #P < 0.01 compared to LPS-treated group.