Figure 3
From: Negative regulatory approaches to the attenuation of Toll-like receptor signaling
Model of the Toll-like receptor (TLR)-dependent pro- and anti-inflammatory balance. During homeostasis, when pathogen/damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/DAMPs) breach the protective barrier, TLRs sense these patterns and mount an inflammatory response. As part of the inflammatory response, TLRs activate negative regulators, which have also shown to be triggered by inflammatory cytokines. The inflammatory response neutralizes the danger, and negative regulators prevent the overactivation of the immune system to protect the host. In the case of lack of appropriate TLR stimulation, the propagation of signals, or the induction of an inflammatory mediator, bacteremia may occur, whereas overactivation of any component leads to the development of inflammatory diseases and septic shock.
