Table 1 Representative DC subsets in the small intestine

Name	Phenotype	Characteristic features	Functions	References
CD103⁺ DCs	CD103⁺ CD11b⁺	CCR7 expression: migration into LNs RALDH expression: RA production Antigen uptake by extending long dendrites or goblet cell-associated antigen passage (GAP) TLR stimulation: IL-6 production	CD4⁺Foxp3⁺ Treg generation IgA class switching Imprinting of lymphocyte gut homing by expression of CCR9 T_H17 generation	^{18, 19, 20, 44} ³¹ ^{45, 46} ²³ ²⁵
CD103⁺ CD8⁺ DCs	CD103⁺ CD8⁺ CD11b^low	Expression of TLR3, TLR7, and TLR9 Production of IL-6 and IL-12p40	T_H1 response and CTL activity	²⁶
CX3CR1⁺ DCs	CX3CR1⁺ F4/80⁺ CD11b⁺	No CCR7 expression: tissue-resident Uptake of circulatory or luminal antigen by extending long dendrites	Generation of regulatory CD8αβ⁺TCRαβ⁺ intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs)	¹⁵ ¹⁶
Tip DCs	TNF-α⁺iNOS⁺ CD11b⁺	TGF-β APRIL and BAFF production	IgA production	⁸
TLR5⁺ DCs	TLR5⁺CD11c^hi CD11b^hiF4/80⁺ CD103⁺	IL-6 production RALDH expression: RA production Expression of TLR5 and TLR9	Differentiation of antigen-specific T_H17 and T_H1 cells Generation of IgA–producing cells	²⁷
pDCs	CD11c^intB220⁺ mPDCA1⁺	Type I IFN receptor expression APRIL and BAFF production	T cell-independent IgA production	²⁸

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